Jump to content

Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from John Strode (Halloween))
Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers
Theatrical release poster
Directed byJoe Chappelle
Written byDaniel Farrands
Based onCharacters
by John Carpenter and Debra Hill
Produced byPaul Freeman
Starring
CinematographyBilly Dickson
Edited byRandolph K. Bricker
Music byAlan Howarth
Production
companies
Distributed byDimension Films
Release date
  • September 29, 1995 (1995-09-29)
Running time
88 minutes[2]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$5 million[3]
Box office$15.1 million (U.S.)[4]

Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers[i] is a 1995 American slasher film directed by Joe Chappelle, written by Daniel Farrands, and starring Donald Pleasence, Paul Rudd, Marianne Hagan, and Mitch Ryan. The sixth installment in the Halloween film series,[5] the plot depicts Michael Myers hunting down the infant son of his niece, Jamie Lloyd.[6] It expands significantly upon the supernatural horror elements that were sparsely introduced in the previous film, mainly the subplot of a cult that controls Myers and drives him to murder his bloodline using the ancient rune of Thorn. It marks the final appearance of Pleasence as Dr. Sam Loomis before his death, as well as the feature film debut of Rudd, who portrays an adult Tommy Doyle from the original Halloween (1978). This also marks the last major role of George P. Wilbur before his death in 2023.

Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers had a protracted development that spanned several years, comprising numerous revisions, drafts, and contributions from different screenwriters, including Daniel Farrands and Scott Rosenberg. Farrands ultimately completed the final version of the screenplay shortly before filming began in Salt Lake City in the fall of 1994. The film also had a troubled post-production: Its original cut performed poorly with test audiences, leading to the film undergoing a series of reshoots and edits. The finished film was distributed by Dimension Films, who would go on to distribute the rest of the series until 2018's Halloween. Pleasance died on February 2, 1995, nearly eight months before the film was released. The film was dedicated to his memory.

Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers was released on September 29, 1995, grossing $15.1 million at the domestic box office on a budget of $5 million. It was lambasted by critics, with criticism focused on its weak story, ending, Rudd's performance, and the origin story given to Michael Myers, though Pleasance's performance was better received. After the film's home media release, the original workprint of the film, which featured 45 minutes of alternative footage and a different ending, was discovered by fans of the series. This version, dubbed the Producer's Cut, developed a cult following, with bootleg DVD copies sold on eBay and online petitions targeting for an official release of it.[7] In September 2014, the Producer's Cut received its first official home media release by Scream Factory as part of a Blu-ray box set of the Halloween series.[8]

Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers was followed by Halloween H20: 20 Years Later in 1998, which does not contain any references to the Jamie Lloyd storyline of the prior three films (although they were featured in the original script and comic book tie-ins published by Chaos! Comics), instead serving as a direct sequel to Halloween II (1981).

Plot

[edit]

Six years after the events of the previous film, Michael Myers and his nine-year-old niece Jamie Lloyd have been abducted by the Man in Black and his Druid-like cult at an unknown facility with medical staff. By Halloween Eve, a now fifteen-year-old Jamie has been impregnated and gives birth. With a help of a nurse, who soon becomes Michael's first victim, she escapes with her baby in a stolen pickup truck with Michael in pursuit.

Meanwhile, a now retired Dr. Loomis is visited by his friend Dr. Terence Wynn, the chief administrator of Smith's Grove Sanitarium, where Michael had been incarcerated as a boy. As Wynn asks Loomis to return to Smith's Grove, they overhear Jamie's plea for help on a local radio station. Michael catches up with Jamie and kills her, only to find that she has hidden her child elsewhere.

In Haddonfield, the old Myers house is now owned by relatives of Laurie Strode's adoptive family: John and Debra Strode, their adult children Kara and Tim, and Kara's six-year-old son Danny, who is tormented by visions of the Man in Black telling him to kill. At the Blankenship boarding house across the street lives Tommy Doyle, the boy Laurie babysat in 1978, now a recluse obsessed with Michael's motives. Also hearing Jamie's cry for help, Tommy tracks the call down to a bus station and finds the baby, whom he names Steven. Tommy crosses paths with Loomis, who visits Debra to warn her. After Loomis leaves, Michael kills Debra with an axe.

Tommy locates Kara and Danny and takes them to safety at the boarding house. He tells Kara that he believes Michael is under the influence of Thorn, an ancient Druid curse that drives a person to kill their family on Halloween, and that Steven will be his final sacrifice. Tommy then leaves to meet Loomis at the local harvest festival. Michael electrocutes John in his home before going to the harvest festival and killing radio host Barry Simms, after which he follows Kara's brother Tim and his girlfriend Beth back to the house.

Meanwhile, Mrs. Blankenship recounts the history of Halloween to Danny and tells Kara she was babysitting Michael the night he killed his sister in which he heard a voice telling him to do so. Mrs. Blankenship also states how Danny hears the same voice, implying that Danny is to follow down the same path. The Man in Black beckons Danny to the Myers house. Kara rescues Danny, discovering the corpses of Tim, Beth, and Debra upstairs, and is pursued by Michael. Upon returning to the boarding house, they discover the Man in Black to be Dr. Wynn. Cult members burst in and, with the help of Mrs. Blankenship, abduct Kara, Danny, and Steven and take them to Smith's Grove. Kara is locked in a maximum-security ward while the boys are kept in an operating room.

Tommy and Loomis go to the sanitarium where Loomis confronts Wynn, who insinuates that the Smith's Grove staff have been studying evil to learn how to control it and Steven is implied to be the successful result of this. Wynn wants Loomis to join him, as he was the first to recognize Michael's evil. Loomis refuses and is knocked out by a doctor. Meanwhile, Tommy frees Kara as Michael pursues them through the sanitarium. They watch as Wynn and his team prepare for a surgical procedure before Michael suddenly appears and turns against the cult, killing them all.

Tommy and Kara rescue the kids as Michael chases them into a laboratory containing fetuses from Wynn's failed experiments to clone Michael's DNA. Tommy injects Michael with corrosive liquid and beats him unconscious with a lead pipe. Tommy, Kara, and the children leave Smith's Grove while Loomis stays behind, stating he has "some business to attend to." Inside, Michael's mask lies alone on the lab floor as Loomis screams in the background, leaving their fates unknown.

Cast

[edit]

Production

[edit]

Development and screenplay

[edit]

Early drafts

[edit]
The Runic symbol of Thorn, which is a major theme in the film.

After an unfavorable critical and commercial response to Halloween 5: The Revenge of Michael Myers which came out only a year after Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers, producer Moustapha Akkad put the series on hold to re-evaluate its potential. Akkad felt Halloween 5 had strayed too far from Halloween 4 and the box office response was much lower than expected. As early as 1990, both Danielle Harris and Don Shanks were expected to return as Jamie Lloyd and The Shape, with the possibility of Donald Pleasence and Wendy Kaplan reprising their roles as well.[9] That same year, screenwriter and long-time Halloween fan Daniel Farrands set out to write the sixth entry in the Halloween series.[10] Farrands gave his horror film scripts to the producer of Halloween 5, Ramsey Thomas; impressed by his writing, Thomas set a meeting for Farrands with executive producer Moustapha Akkad. Farrands described the meeting:

I spent weeks preparing for the meeting and came in with a huge notebook filled with Halloween research – I had the entire series laid out in a timeline, a bio of every character, a "family tree" of the Myers and Strode clans, as well as all of the research I had compiled about the runic symbol (Thorn) that was briefly shown in Halloween 5. I then laid out how I thought all of this might be explored in Halloween 6.[11]

Farrands, who knew the films, as well as Dennis Etchison's novelizations intimately, constructed a bible of the entire franchise and presented it to the studio.[12] The film lingered in development as a planned October 1990 release was missed, but Akkad persisted and began courting Michele Soavi in 1992.[9] Soavi would reject the offer and not long after the producers entered a series of complicated legal battles ensued which delayed plans for a sequel; eventually Miramax Films (via its Dimension Films division) bought the rights to the Halloween series. Concurrently with the legal battle, series co-creator John Carpenter had teamed up with New Line Cinema to outbid Miramax. Carpenter's proposal saw the film take place on a space station.[13]

Following Miramax's acquisition of the series, the studio hoped to start production by October 1993, but again, this did not materialize. Bob Weinstein subsequently hired Gary Fleder to direct.[14] Fleder recommended screenwriter Phil Rosenberg, who became the first writer hired for the project.[15] Rosenberg's screenplay, titled Halloween 666: The Origin, follows a Chicago news reporter who arrives in Haddonfield to cover the town's first Halloween celebration in five years, during which a series of killings begins.[15][16] Akkad expressly disliked the screenplay,[15] but Miramax responded to it favorably and opted to continue moving forward until Fleder eventually dropped out, citing "creative differences".[14]

Miramax then approached Quentin Tarantino, who had recently completed Pulp Fiction (1994) for the studio.[17][18] Though a screenplay was never completed,[19][20] Tarantino pitched a story idea involving Michael Myers and the Man in Black fleeing Haddonfield together and going on a road trip down Route 66 while murdering people,[21][22][23] events which bear resemblance to those depicted in his screenplay for Natural Born Killers, which he was pitching to Miramax Films at the same time.[23] Tarantino ultimately declined the offer, but suggested Evil Dead II co-writer Scott Spiegel as a potential director.[17][18] Spiegel was unenthusiastic about Phil Rosenberg's screenplay ultimately departed the project.

By April 1994, Phil Rosenberg's brother, Scott was tasked with revising the script, but failed to satisfy Akkad.[24] With Scott Rosenberg's draft rejected, the studio pursued upcoming writers Irving Belateche and Lawrence Guterman to completely overhaul Halloween 666.[25] With an October 1994 release window instilled by Weinstein, Matthew Patrick of Hider in the House was selected as director.[25] Upon his hiring, Patrick immediately flew to Salt Lake City for location scouting and brought in his frequent cinematographer Billy Dickson. However, neither Patrick or Akkad were appeased by the script, with the former even referring to it as "unfinished".[26] Patrick was granted his own revision of the script, but tensions rose between Akkad and Weinstein. With production gearing up to begin in two weeks without a finalized cast, Patrick would ultimately quit the project in May 1994.[27]

Farrands' re-drafting

[edit]

In June 1994, Daniel Farrands was hired to write a new screenplay, as the film had an impending shooting date scheduled for that October in Salt Lake City.[28] At this time, Fred Walton was attached to direct.[29][30] Walton soon became reluctant to take on a "movie about a guy with a knife killing people". Instead, the filmmaker envisioned a plot akin to Friday the 13th: A New Beginning, with Jamie Lloyd living in a halfway house and committing suicide in the film's opening scene.[31] The Weinsteins swiftly moved onto Joe Chappelle after being impressed with his debut film, Thieves Quartet.[32] Farrands has said his initial intent for the film was to "bridge the later films (4–5) in the series to the earlier films (1–2) while at the same time taking the story into new territory so that the series could expand for future installments."[33] This in part meant expanding on the presence of the "Man in Black" as well as the appearance of the Thorn symbol, both of which appear without explanation at the end of Halloween 5.[34] When beginning the script, Farrands contacted the writers of Halloween 4 and 5 for additional information, but they were unable to provide clear answers, leaving him to "pick up the pieces."[35]

Farrands himself envisioned the Michael Myers character as a "sexual deviant," theorizing that, as a child, Michael became fixated on the murder of his sister Judith, and for his own twisted reasons felt the need to repeat that action over and over again, finding a sister-like figure in Laurie who excited him sexually. He also theorized that by making Laurie Michael's literal sister, the sequels took away from the simplicity and relatability of the original Halloween. Nevertheless, when writing Curse, Farrands was tasked with creating a mythology for Myers which defined his motives and why he could not be killed. He says, "He can't just be a man anymore, he's gone beyond that. He's mythical. He's supernatural. So, I took it from that standpoint that there's something else driving him. A force that goes beyond that five senses that has infected this boy's soul and now is driving him." As the script developed and more people became involved, Farrands admits that the film went too far in explaining Myers and that he himself was not completely satisfied with the finished product.[30]

Farrands expanded the "Curse of Thorn" plot line, in which Jamie Lloyd is kidnapped by a covert cult who has cursed Michael Myers via the Runic symbol of Thorn, which compels him to kill and also affords him immortality.[36] Farrands had in part based the idea on dialogue present in Halloween II (1981) about the night of Samhain, during which the "veil between the living and the dead is thinnest," the one time of the year during which Myers became "active, and seeks out his bloodline."[37] References to Druidism as well as Myers's grandfather "hearing voices" had also appeared in the 1978 novelization of Halloween by Curtis Richards.[38] While the character of Jamie Lloyd dies early in the film, the initial versions of Farrands' script had her character surviving until the final act, at which point she was ultimately killed by Michael.[39] Other elements of Farrands' working script that ultimately had to be trimmed down included an extension of the Curse of Thorn subplot, which had the entire town of Haddonfield in collusion with the cult, an idea Akkad wanted to use for the series' seventh installment.[40] However, this idea was scrapped in favor of the Halloween H20 script in 1997.[41]

According to Farrands, there were around ten different drafts of his script between June 1994 and the October 1994 film shoot, and much of the finale that appears in the theatrical version (including the events at the hospital, as well as the references to the cult using Myers's power as a means of scientific investigation), was not written by him, and had been written and shot in post-production under the supervision of Dimension Films.[42]

Allusions and references
[edit]

Farrands, a long-time fan of the series, sought to incorporate various references and allusions to the previous Halloween films, particularly the original, to play with the "Halloween mythology."[43] These range from situational allusions, such as Tommy Doyle living across the street from the Strode house (a play on the events in the original Halloween, which take place between the Wallace and Doyle residences, which are across the street from one another)[44] to minor references, such as the naming of an address from Halloween II (1981), and the character of Mrs. Blankenship, a name referred to in passing in Halloween III: Season of the Witch (1982).[45] Other references outside the narrative diegeses of the series include the names of characters, such as John and Debra Strode (referencing John Carpenter and Debra Hill),[46] as well as the naming of Danny Strode, a character Farrands has said was modeled after Danny Torrance in The Shining (1980).

Farrands also referenced Carpenter's The Fog (1980) with the line referring to a "stomach pounder" (a protein milkshake Tim drinks early in the film),[47] and Beth's murder scene was modeled after a scene from Fred Walton's When a Stranger Calls (1979) (Farrands wrote the scene upon hearing that Walton had been attached to direct the project, though Walton would eventually drop out of the production).[29] Additionally, extended scenes of Kara walking on the college campus and en route to her home were intended to allude to scenes featuring Laurie Strode in the first film,[48] while Danny dropping his pumpkin while walking home alludes to a scene in the first film in which a group of bullies force Tommy to drop his pumpkin outside the elementary school.[49]

Casting

[edit]
Donald Pleasence reprised his role as Dr. Loomis, in what would be one of his final film appearances.

Donald Pleasence returned to play Dr. Loomis, in what would be one of his final film performances; according to Farrands, Pleasence was fond of the script.[50] Danielle Harris, who was seventeen at the time, contacted producer Paul Freeman about reprising her role as Jamie Lloyd, and went so far as completing paperwork to become legally emancipated in order to shoot the film.[39] She was officially cast in the role,[51] but Dimension Films could not come to an agreement over her salary; Harris alleges that Dimension offered her a scaled $1,000 to shoot the part over the course of a week, which was less than the amount of money she had paid for her emancipation.[39] Farrands and Freeman both had wanted Harris for the part, but at that point "had their hands tied."[39]

According to Harris, the head of the casting department refused to negotiate her salary, stating that she was a "scale character who dies in the first twenty minutes."[39] This ultimately led to her dropping out of the project.[52] "People automatically assume I wanted some crazy amount of money, or something," Harris commented in 2014, "[but] it's not like I [was] demanding of anything, really ... When you've been asked to do something and then they insult you by saying, "You're a piece of shit, you die in the first act—I don't give a fuck that you were in two other Halloween movies, who cares?"... I was in shock."[39] Actress J. C. Brandy was cast as Harris's replacement.[39]

The adult Tommy Doyle was portrayed by Paul Stephen Rudd, in what would be one of his first film appearances.

The producers initially wanted Brian Andrews to reprise his role as Tommy Doyle. However, with Andrews not having an agent, they were unable to contact him.[53] Paul Stephen Rudd was cast in the part of Tommy, which marked his first starring role before he appeared in Clueless (1995).[54] The leading female role, Kara, was given to Marianne Hagan; however, Hagan has since stated that Miramax executives Bob and Harvey Weinstein did not favor her for the part, and made aesthetic criticisms about her being "too thin" and her chin being "too pointy".[52] Farrands, however, had wanted Hagan for the part because he felt she possessed an "every-girl" quality of having "lived a little, and had a hard time," and likened her screen presence to that of Jamie Lee Curtis.[55] The filmmakers also approached Howard Stern to make a cameo appearance as the radio DJ Barry Sims, but he declined in order to appear in Private Parts.[56]

For the role of Dr. Terence Wynn, Mitch Ryan was cast, based on his performance in Lethal Weapon (1987); Farrands originally urged the producers to cast Christopher Lee, having had the veteran horror actor in mind when writing the character. This is a reference on Carpenter's initial choice for role of Dr. Loomis during film making of Halloween from 1978 where he was offered that role, but declined due to low pay, only to regret it in later years.[57] Denise Richards also auditioned for the part of Beth, but the studio passed on her, giving the role to Mariah O'Brien.[58] Stunt performer George P. Wilbur, who portrayed Michael in the fourth installment, reprised his role as Michael Myers. However, once reshoots took place, Wilbur was replaced by A. Michael Lerner as director Joe Chapelle found Wilbur to be "too bulky."[59]

Filming

[edit]

Filming began on October 31, 1994 in Salt Lake City, Utah.[60] Within the first week of shooting, however, the city experienced an early winter snowstorm, which complicated the production.[58][61] As a result, several scenes which were supposed to take place on exterior locations had to be transferred to interiors.[62] The original hospital scenes were shot at the abandoned Old Primary Children's Hospital in The Avenues section of Salt Lake City.[63]

Special effects artist John Carl Buechler created the mask for the film, which was based heavily on the mask featured in the poster for Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers.[59] Buechler hand-crafted the mask over actor George P. Wilbur's face.[59]

Producer Paul Freeman and director Chappelle reportedly rewrote the ending on-set, even from shot-to-shot as production deadlines loomed.[64] Freeman also sent the crew home when crucial scenes needed to be shot; deleted scripted scenes indiscriminately; rewrote dialogue and action sequences; and assumed the responsibility of directing second-unit shots and the supervision of post-production of the original cut. These complications resulted in Dimension Films' parent company (and the film's co-production company) Miramax, taking over the film's production, and ordering many of the reworked sequences to be reshot.[52]

Associated producer Malek Akkad explained the film's lack of a cohesive "vision" being the result of director Chappelle "answering" to the visions of the distributor, Dimension Films; Moustapha Akkad's production company, Nightfall Productions; and writer Daniel Farrands.[64] Tensions between what Dimension, Nightfall, and Farrands envisioned for the film resulted in a finished product that had needed "more forethought," according to Akkad.[64]

Post-production

[edit]

In early 1995, after filming and editing was completed, Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers was given a test screening in New York City which, as described by actress Marianne Hagan, "consisted primarily of fourteen-year-old boys."[52] During the Q&A afterward, one of the audience members expressed great displeasure at the ending of the film, which entailed a Celtic ritual and the passing on of the "Curse of Thorn" to the Dr. Loomis character. As a result of the audience's disapproval toward the film's finale, the movie was rushed back into production, this time without Donald Pleasence, who died on February 2, 1995.[65] Pleasence had been in ill health during the shooting of the film.[66]

Reshoots took place in Los Angeles in the summer of 1995.[67] According to Farrands, the reshoots occurred with a new director of photography and spanned a total of four days.[68] At this time, the Akkads were sidelined as Dimension Films took over the film. With only three months out from the film's release date, Farrands and Chappelle concurrently rewrote the script. Chappelle's revisions recharacterized Kara as a "machine gun-toting heroine", similar to "Linda Hamilton in Terminator 2: Judgment Day".[69] Farrands dropped the recharacterization of Kara as well as "thunderous voices of God" added into a newly scripted climax.[69] Meanwhile, a subplot involving a group of doctors seeking to harness "scientifically-engineered evil" was added into the rewrites and survived into the finished film.[32][70] Farrands' pages would be dropped in favor for Rand Ravich, who previously rewrote Hellraiser: Bloodline for the studio and Chappelle just one month prior.[71] The ending of the theatrical cut stems from Ravich's rewrites, which added an extended chase sequence, the higher body count, and Tommy Doyle's fight with Myers.[72] However, Ravich's rewritten ending, which saw Tommy hoisting The Shape in the air with chains, was never fully adapted from the script. During the last night of filming, the crew were far behind schedule and decided to save on overtime payments, the yet-to-be-shot pages were scrapped entirely and instead the final shot of Michael's mask on the ground was done at the last minute.[73]

A. Michael Lerner replaced George P. Wilbur in the role of Michael Myers, as the studio executives wanted him to appear less bulky.[59] This resulted in continuity errors as the last third of the film features a slimmer Myers.[59] Some of the additional footage incorporated into the finale of the film was shot at Queen of Angels Hospital in Los Angeles.[63]

In addition to the re-shoots prompted by the poor test screening, the film also underwent significant editing in post-production, resulting in brisker pacing and a "flashier" cinematic style that favored "blood and guts," but, according to Farrands, ultimately resulted in a "more confusing" movie.[74] According to writer Farrands, the stylized flash cuts prominent in the final theatrical cut of Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers were not originally intended, and he likened the style of the final product to an "MTV video rather than a Halloween film."[75] Composer Alan Howarth similarly called the final product a "fix job," with numerous elements of the production being in flux both during and after principal photography.[76] In addition to Howarth's score being redone, the film's sound design was also significantly altered from Howarth's original "minimalist" design.[77]

Musical score

[edit]
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic

The original music score is composed and orchestrated by long-time Halloween contributor Alan Howarth, his work in the series dating back to his collaboration with John Carpenter on Halloween II. However, Howarth's score was redone by music editor Paul Rabjohns[78][79] when the film went through reshoots. A soundtrack album was released by Varèse Sarabande, and is an unusual combination of the music featured in the original cut of the film, as well as that of the final theatrical cut. According to Howarth, he helped re-score the revised cut of the film, incorporating the use of guitar and drums in addition to the original score, which had been more synthesizer and piano-based.[80] Howarth's official score for the film was released on August 24, 1995.[79]

The music of Alabama-based rock band Brother Cane was featured throughout the movie. The music came from their 1995 release Seeds on Virgin Records. The album's hit single "And Fools Shine On" can be heard when Kara, Tim and Beth arrive at school in their car. The song is also heard during the closing credits. Three other Brother Cane songs (all from the Seeds album) are featured in the film: "Hung on a Rope", "20/20 Faith", and "Horses & Needles". "Disconnected" by the group I Found God is also featured in the film.

Track listing

All tracks are written by Alan Howarth

No.TitleLength
1."Jamie's Escape"4:04
2."Birth Ceremony"2:50
3."You Can't Have the Baby"3:37
4."Empty Stomach"2:58
5."Watching Mom"4:23
6."Kara Returns"3:38
7."Thorn"4:08
8."Carnival Festival"4:07
9."It's Raining Red"2:59
10."Look Upstairs"6:25
11."It's His Game"5:56
12."Maximum Security"3:40
13."Operating Room"7:56
Total length:56:41

Release

[edit]

The film's troubled production resulted in two cuts of the film, which prompted a legal battle between the film's production company, Nightfall, who wanted to release the original cut, and its distributor, Dimension Films, who had incorporated reshoots and additional material.[64] Ultimately, Dimension Films won the dispute, and their cut of the film was officiated for theatrical release.[64]

An earlier teaser trailer of the film employed the title Halloween 666: The Origin of Michael Myers, which according to Daniel Farrands, came before an official title had been decided, and that the trailer title was a combination of an earlier script titled The Origin of Michael Myers by another writer, and Farrands' original script titled Halloween 666. At one point, executive producer Moustapha Akkad asked Farrands for a title, who suggested The Curse of Michael Myers due to the troubled production. Although Farrands's comment was in jest, Akkad took the name to heart and decided upon it. Farrands also added that this coincidentally made the subtitles similar to those in The Pink Panther films, which also used Return, Revenge, and Curse subtitles as Halloween's fourth, fifth and sixth films, respectively.[30]

Home media

[edit]

The film was first released for home media on VHS and LaserDisc on September 10, 1996, from Miramax Home Entertainment.[81][82] A DVD followed on October 10, 2000.[83] In January 2010, the film was released for the first time on Blu-ray in Canada from Alliance Films alongside Halloween H20: 20 Years Later and Halloween: Resurrection with no bonus material.[84] The film was released on Blu-ray and again on DVD in the United States on May 10, 2011, by Echo Bridge Home Entertainment, once again with no bonus features.[85]

Anchor Bay Entertainment and Shout! Factory once again released the film on Blu-ray on September 23, 2014, as a part of their 15-disc box set containing every film in the franchise, up to Rob Zombie's Halloween II (2009).[86] This release features both the theatrical cut of the film and the alternate Producer's Cut (marking the first official release of the latter),[86] and contained extensive bonus features, such as a commentary from writer Daniel Farrands and composer Alan Howarth, interviews with various cast and crew, deleted scenes, archival behind-the-scenes footage and interviews, and a tribute to Donald Pleasence.[87][88] On September 15, 2015, Lionsgate released another standalone Blu-ray of The Producer's Cut, but without any of the bonus features featured on the 15-disc release.[89] On October 4, 2022, Shout! Factory reissued both the theatrical and Producer's Cut editions on 4K UHD Blu-ray in a box set also featuring Halloween H20: 20 Years Later and Halloween: Resurrection.[90]

Alternate versions

[edit]

Aside from the theatrically-released final cut, two alternate versions of Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers exist.[91] The Producer's Cut is the best known; however, a Director's Cut also exists with footage excised by the MPAA. The theatrical version was the only version commercially available (with the Director and Producer's cuts existing as low-quality bootlegs) until the Producer's Cut was included in the official Complete Collection box set released by Scream Factory and Anchor Bay Entertainment in 2014.[92]

[It is] Gothic and creepy, but you kind of lose the intensity of where we've been ... I think we could've gone in and given it more intensity and more of a scare [factor].

—Writer Farrands on the film's finale in the original cut, which was ultimately re-written and re-shot.[93]

The original cut of the film that screened for test audiences prior to the reshoots became known colloquially as The Producer's Cut, and bootlegged copies of it surfaced among film collectors.[64][94] This cut of Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers features numerous differences, ranging from different scores and musical cues to substantial shifts in plot, particularly regarding the film's conclusion.[95] In a retrospective interview, Farrands noted that the finale in this cut of the film was sufficiently "creepy" and "Gothic," but conceded that it lacked intensity, which is largely what prompted Dimension Films to begin reshoots.[93] The Producer's Cut of the film garnered a cult following, according to writer Farrands: "It's amazing the life that [Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers] has continued to have because there is this alternate version that has been, kind of in-the-vault all these years."[96]

In the finale of The Producer's Cut, Kara awakens at Smith's Grove Sanitarium on a concrete slab, surrounded by the cult's members, including Mrs. Blankenship, Wynn's secretary Dawn, and other Haddonfield residents. Wynn conducts a ceremony in which Michael will kill Steven as a final sacrifice of innocent blood, after which the curse will pass on to Danny with Kara as his first sacrifice. Kara stalls by appealing to Michael with the revelation that Steven is his biological child.[95] Tommy takes Wynn hostage and forces the cult to free Kara and the children. Pursued by Michael, they run through the sanitarium to a locked gate. Tommy uses the power of the ancient runes to stop Michael in his tracks as Loomis helps them escape. After telling the others he has unfinished business, Loomis finds what appears to be Michael lying on the floor. He removes the mask to reveal Wynn, with whom Michael switched clothes and then escaped. As he dies, Wynn passes on the Thorn symbol, which appears on Loomis' wrist. Realizing that he is the new cult leader, Loomis screams in despair (this is heard as ambient noise in the final frame of the theatrical cut).[97] Michael is shown escaping into the night in Wynn's Man in Black outfit.[95]

Another substantial difference in The Producer's Cut is the death of Jamie Lloyd: she does not die at the beginning of the film, but survives being stabbed by Michael in the barn. She remains in a coma and is taken to the hospital, where Loomis and Wynn visit her. Midway through the film, a "Gothic" montage occurs, which reveals in fragmented detail the conception of Jamie's child among the cult. After the sequence, an unseen person, later revealed to be Wynn, shoots the unconscious Jamie in the head with a silenced pistol.[98] Additionally, John's death scene in The Producer's Cut was shorter; in the theatrical cut, an additional shot (completed during the reshoots) was incorporated of his head graphically exploding from an electrical power surge.[99] Other various transitional shots throughout The Producer's Cut version were extracted or truncated in the theatrical cut.[95]

The Producer's Cut remained officially unreleased for nearly 20 years. It had its first public exhibition on October 27, 2013, at the New Beverly Cinema in Los Angeles.[100] Screenwriter Farrands was present for a short Q&A, in which he stressed that there was still a major push in the works to get this version a proper release. He also said that the studio allowing this version to be screened in public for the first time, and the overwhelmingly positive response, were both huge steps in the right direction.[citation needed] Anchor Bay Media and Scream Factory gave The Producer's Cut its first official release on Blu-ray in September 2014 as part of their Halloween: The Complete Collection box set.[101]

A few select scenes from The Producer's Cut can be seen in the television version of the film. The scenes were re-inserted to increase the running time of the film.[102]

Reception

[edit]

Box office

[edit]

Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers was released on September 29, 1995, in the United States, and brought in a $7,308,529 opening weekend gross, coming in second to serial killer thriller Seven, being the first film in the series to be on par with Halloween II's opening weekend gross (both Halloween 4 and 5 had earned under $7 million).[103] The film was a modest financial success, going on to gross a total of $15,116,634 at the U.S. box office, with an estimated $5 million budget.[104] With having sold approximately 3,475,088 tickets during its initial theatrical run, the film is the second-lowest grossing entry in the franchise, ahead of only Halloween 5.[4]

Critical response

[edit]

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 8% of 36 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 3.6/10. The website's consensus reads: "Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers trades the simple, brutal effectiveness of the original for convoluted mysticism, with disastrously dull results."[105] On Metacritic, the film holds a 10/100 based on 13 reviews, signifying as "overwhelming dislike".[106] It is the lowest rated Halloween film on both sites.

Daniel Kimmel of Variety called the film "tired" and "run-of-the-mill",[107] while Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle said the film lacked suspense and said that "not even the presence of the late, gloriously histrionic Donald Pleasence can liven things up," deeming it "bland", "deadening", and "by far the worst in the series."[108]

Stephen Holden of The New York Times called the film's script "impossibly convoluted", and wrote that "shock effects are applied with such hamfisted regularity that they quickly backfire."[109] Josh Hartl of The Seattle Times criticized the film's conventionality, writing: "instead of sending up the current glut of serial-killer movies, the filmmakers trot out the old slasher tactics."[110] Jack Mathews of the Los Angeles Times similarly criticized the film's lack of originality, comparing it negatively to its predecessors and describing it as a "body count" film.[111] Tom Maurstad of The News-Press gave the film a half-star rating out of four, criticizing it for its lack of plot and emphasis on gore: "The movie, as directed by fresh-from-film-school Joe Chappelle, tosses out a few odd snippets of storyline...  but there is no follow through, no real attempt at story."[112]

Richard Harrington of The Washington Post also criticized the script, writing: "While director Joe Chapelle and writer Daniel Farrands took advantage of a clearance sale at the Horror Cliche Emporium, they forgot to stop in at Plots R Us."[113] The Time Out London film guide deemed the film "A series of competently engineered shock moments jollied along by a jazzed-up version of John Carpenter's original electronic score: slicker than crude oil and just as unattractive."[114] The Salt Lake Tribune's Sean Means made a similar assessment of the screenplay, observing that "the mayhem is presented routinely, with little imagination or even logic. Even the promised explanation for Michael's evil is muddled. The mix of runic stones, Satan-worship, DNA testing and old-fashioned boogyman stories never gels."[115]

Legacy and modern assessment

[edit]

After bootlegged versions of the Producer's Cut began to surface, some fans and film critics argued that it was the superior version of the film.[116] Writing in a Bloody Disgusting retrospective, Alex DiVincenzo noted that the Producer's Cut benefits from its more significant featuring of the Dr. Loomis character, and that it is ultimately a better film.[116] Jessica Beebe of Screen Rant made a similar assessment, noting that the cult of Thorn subplot is more clearly presented in the Producer's Cut, and that its finale better contextualizes the cult.[117]

In their comprehensive book The Films of the Nineties (2001), writers Robert and Gwendolyn Nowlan positively described the film as an "atmospheric and suspenseful thriller."[118]

In a 2022 ranking of every film in the Halloween franchise by IndieWire, Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers was ranked number five, with writer Jamie Righetti praising the film: "The Curse of Thorn. The return of Tommy Doyle. Even more members of the Strode family. A final goodbye to the unforgettable Donald Pleasance and his irascible Dr. Loomis. Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers really does have it all, and it’s one of the most underrated sequels in the franchise."[119]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The Producer's Cut uses the on-screen title Halloween 6: The Curse of Michael Myers, and originally titled Halloween 666: The Origin of Michael Myers.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 22, 2023.
  2. ^ a b Etling 2014, p. 200.
  3. ^ "Halloween 6: The Curse of Michael Myers (1995)". Filmsite.org. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  4. ^ a b "Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers Financial Information". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  5. ^ Norman 2014, p. 180.
  6. ^ Rogers 2003, p. 110.
  7. ^ "Halloween 6, The Producer's Cut". Arrow in the Head. Archived from the original on December 18, 2007.
  8. ^ "Full Specs For 'Halloween: The Complete Collection'!!". Bloody Disgusting. July 21, 2014. Archived from the original on April 30, 2023.
  9. ^ a b McNeill & Mullins 2020, p. 146.
  10. ^ Garcia, Chris (October 1, 1995). "'Halloween' dreamer". The Press Democrat. pp. 15–16 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ^ "Daniel Farrands Interview: Halloween 6". HalloweenMovies™: The Official Halloween Website. Archived from the original on September 26, 2006. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
  12. ^ Murr, Tim (October 21, 2018). "31 Days of Horror – Tim Murr on Halloween 6: The Curse of Michael Myers Producer's Cut". Biff Bam Pop. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  13. ^ McNeill & Mullins 2020, p. 147.
  14. ^ a b McNeill & Mullins 2020, p. 148.
  15. ^ a b c Mullins, Travis (January 17, 2018). "An Early Draft of Halloween 6 Has Been Released And It's… Interesting". Dread Central. Archived from the original on October 31, 2022.
  16. ^ Jenkins, Jason (October 16, 2020). "Scott Spiegel Cuts Into the Quentin Tarantino-Produced Alternate Version of 'Halloween 6'". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on October 21, 2024.
  17. ^ a b Konda, Kelly (October 31, 2017). "9 Things You May Not Know About Halloween 6: The Curse of Michael Myers". We Minored in Film. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
  18. ^ a b Squires, John (December 16, 2019). "Quentin Tarantino Talks Halloween 6, Which He Toyed With Writing Back in the Early 1990s". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on November 18, 2022.
  19. ^ Millman, Ashleigh (May 8, 2019). "Every Halloween Movie (They Never Actually Made)". WhatCulture.com. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  20. ^ "Halloween VI Behind The Scenes". HalloweenMovies™: The Official Halloween Website. Archived from the original on October 20, 2024.
  21. ^ Roffman, Michael (December 16, 2019). "Filmmaker of the Year Quentin Tarantino on Finding the Right Story, What Streaming is Missing, and His 10th Film". Consequence of Sound. Archived from the original on December 17, 2019.
  22. ^ "Quentin Tarantino Shares His Killer 'Halloween 6' Idea That Went Nowhere". MovieWeb. December 16, 2019. Archived from the original on December 18, 2019.
  23. ^ a b "Halloween 6: The Quentin Tarantino Version That Almost Happened". Screen Rant. May 13, 2020. Archived from the original on June 22, 2023.
  24. ^ McNeill & Mullins 2020, p. 151.
  25. ^ a b McNeill & Mullins 2020, p. 179.
  26. ^ McNeill & Mullins 2020, p. 194.
  27. ^ McNeill & Mullins 2020, p. 195.
  28. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 18:34.
  29. ^ a b Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 1:09:27.
  30. ^ a b c "Fright Exclusive Interview: Daniel Farrands". Icons of Fright. June 2005. Archived from the original on December 21, 2008. Retrieved October 1, 2017.
  31. ^ McNeill & Mullins 2020, p. 188.
  32. ^ a b Wilson, Staci (September 29, 2020). "Halloween 6 - 25 Years Later". Red River Horror. Retrieved May 28, 2022.
  33. ^ "Interview With Daniel Farrands". 73 Miles to Haddonfield Fansite. Archived from the original on October 25, 2009. Retrieved September 29, 2009.
  34. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 3:00.
  35. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 31:01.
  36. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 20:26.
  37. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 20:44.
  38. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 1:01:40.
  39. ^ a b c d e f g Harris, Danielle (2014). Jamie's Story. Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers: The Producer's Cut (Blu-ray documentary short). Scream Factory. OCLC 904440200.
  40. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 22:48.
  41. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 22:55.
  42. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 22:19.
  43. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 49:30.
  44. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 49:25.
  45. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 43:10.
  46. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 41:18.
  47. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 41:35.
  48. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 37:10.
  49. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 48:28.
  50. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 14:09.
  51. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 2:38.
  52. ^ a b c d Harris, Danielle; Hagan, Marianne (2006). "Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers". Halloween: 25 Years Of Terror (Documentary). Anchor Bay Entertainment.
  53. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 12:41.
  54. ^ Chaney 2015, p. 45.
  55. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 10:02.
  56. ^ Evans, Bradford (February 9, 2012). "The Lost Roles of Howard Stern". Vulture. Archived from the original on January 22, 2020.
  57. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 14:50.
  58. ^ a b O'Brien, Mariah; Brandy, J.C. (2014). Acting Scared. Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers: The Producer's Cut (Blu-ray documentary short). Scream Factory. OCLC 904440200.
  59. ^ a b c d e Buechler, John Carl; Hardin, Brad; Wilbur, George P. (2014). The Shape of Things. Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers: The Producer's Cut (Blu-ray documentary short). Scream Factory. OCLC 904440200.
  60. ^ Kleid, Beth (October 31, 1994). "Morning Report: Quick Takes". Los Angeles Times. p. F2 – via Newspapers.com.
  61. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 34:31.
  62. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 34:35.
  63. ^ a b Patterson, Robert (July 21, 2015). "Halloween 6: The Curse of Michael Myers (1995)". Set-Jetter. Archived from the original on October 14, 2024.
  64. ^ a b c d e f Akkad, Malek; Freeman, Paul (2014). The Cursed 'Curse'. Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers: The Producer's Cut (Blu-ray documentary short). Scream Factory. OCLC 904440200.
  65. ^ Dickson, Billy; Ryman, Brad; Callaway, Thomas (2014). Haddonfield's Horrors: The Visual Design of "Halloween 6" (Documentary). Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers: The Producer's Cut (Blu-ray). Scream Factory. OCLC 904440200.
  66. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 35:31.
  67. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 1:35:56.
  68. ^ Artz, Matt (October 24, 2014). "[Interview] Daniel Farrands Reveals Halloween 6 and Halloween 7 That Could Have Been". Halloween Daily News. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  69. ^ a b McNeill & Mullins 2019, pp. 176–177.
  70. ^ McNeill & Mullins 2019, pp. 176–178.
  71. ^ McNeill & Mullins 2019, p. 176.
  72. ^ McNeill & Mullins 2019, p. 177.
  73. ^ McNeill & Mullins 2019, p. 178.
  74. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 38:45, 39:47.
  75. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 38:03.
  76. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 38:19.
  77. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 1:10:58.
  78. ^ "Resume". paulrabjohns.com. Archived from the original on September 9, 2018. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
  79. ^ a b "Halloween 6: The Curse Of Michael Myers – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack". Amazon. 1995. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
  80. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 1:14:37.
  81. ^ "New releases". Star Tribune. September 1, 1996. p. F15 – via Newspapers.com.
  82. ^ Pearson, Mike (September 1, 1996). "'Mulholland Falls': All film, no noir". The Town Talk. p. C-7 – via Newspapers.com.
  83. ^ "Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers DVD". WorldCat. Archived from the original on October 22, 2023.
  84. ^ Fini, Matt (January 20, 2020). "Halloween 6, 7 and 8 Available on Blu-ray in Canada without the inclusion of the Producer's Cut or any of the deleted scenes". Dread Central. Archived from the original on January 23, 2010.
  85. ^ Abrams, Simon (May 6, 2011). "Review: Joe Chappelle's Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers on Echo Bridge DVD". Slant Magazine. Archived from the original on October 21, 2024.
  86. ^ a b Hamman, Cody (July 16, 2015). "Halloween 6 Producer's Cut coming to Blu-ray from Lionsgate in September". JoBlo.com. Archived from the original on October 8, 2022.
  87. ^ "Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers Blu-ray: Theatrical & Producer's Cut | Halloween 666: The Curse of Michael Myers | The Complete Collection Edition". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  88. ^ "Halloween: The Complete Collection Blu-ray – Additional Special Features Revealed". Blu-ray.com. August 12, 2014. Archived from the original on October 22, 2023.
  89. ^ Barton, Steve (July 16, 2015). "Halloween 6: The Producer's Cut Getting a Stand-Alone Release". Dread Central. Archived from the original on October 22, 2023.
  90. ^ Muhammad, Latifah (September 30, 2022). "This 'Halloween' 4K Collection Blu-ray Box Set Is Perfect for Spooky Season: Pre-Order It Now". Billboard. Archived from the original on October 8, 2022.
  91. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 2:30.
  92. ^ Smith, Jerry (May 19, 2014). "Scream Factory Announces Halloween: The Complete Collection Includes Long-awaited Producer's Cut of Halloween-6/". Icons of Fright. Archived from the original on November 30, 2014. Retrieved May 19, 2014.
  93. ^ a b Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 1:23:20.
  94. ^ Armstrong 2003, p. 151.
  95. ^ a b c d Chappelle, Joe (director) (2014). Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers (The Producer's Cut) (Blu-ray). Scream Factory. OCLC 904440200.
  96. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 59:09.
  97. ^ Davidson, Tyler (September 9, 2021). "Halloween 6: How Dr Loomis Died In The Original Script". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on October 22, 2023.
  98. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 55:09.
  99. ^ Farrands & Howarth 2014, event occurs at 1:05:09.
  100. ^ Zimmerman, Samuel (October 25, 2013). "Los Angeles! Producer's Cut of "HALLOWEEN 6: THE CURSE OF MICHAEL MYERS" Screening this Weekend". Fangoria. Archived from the original on May 10, 2014.
  101. ^ Barton, Steve (September 7, 2014). "A Clear Look at Halloween 6 The Producer's Cut from the Halloween The Complete Collection Blu-ray Set; NEW Features Added!". Dread Central. Archived from the original on October 8, 2022.
  102. ^ "Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers". Movie-Censorship.com. November 26, 2011. Archived from the original on April 25, 2023.
  103. ^ "Halloween Movies". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on December 5, 2004. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  104. ^ Seibold, Whitney (October 20, 2024). "Paul Rudd Got His Hollywood Start In The Halloween Franchise's Biggest Flop". /Film. Archived from the original on October 21, 2024.
  105. ^ "Halloween – The Curse of Michael Myers (Halloween 6) (1995)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved June 28, 2019.
  106. ^ "Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  107. ^ Kimmel, Daniel (October 2, 1995). "Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers". Variety. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016.
  108. ^ LaSalle, Mick (October 2, 1995). "FILM REVIEW: Latest 'Halloween' is No Treat". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on November 24, 2022.
  109. ^ Holden, Stephen (September 30, 1995). "FILM REVIEW; Midwestern Druids Did It". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 20, 2023.
  110. ^ Hartl, Josh (September 30, 1995). "Slashing It Up In 'Halloween 6'". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on November 24, 2022.
  111. ^ Mathews, Jack (October 2, 1995). "Horrors! Michael Myers Has Returned". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 20, 2023.
  112. ^ Maurstad, Tom (October 2, 1995). "Moviegoers cursed with this 'Halloween'". The News-Press. p. 4D – via Newspapers.com.
  113. ^ Harrington, Richard (January 2, 1995). "Halloween: Curse of Michael Myers". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 19, 2008.
  114. ^ "Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers (1995)". Time Out London. Archived from the original on January 8, 2009. Retrieved December 26, 2010.
  115. ^ Means, Sean P. (October 2, 1995). "Another 'Halloween': Will Someone Show Michael Myers the Door?". The Salt Lake Tribune. p. C3 – via Newspapers.com.
  116. ^ a b DiVincenzo, Alex (October 22, 2022). "'Halloween 6' – Reanalyzing the Two Different Cuts Via Scream Factory's New 4K Ultra HD Set". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on October 21, 2024.
  117. ^ Beebe, Jessica (November 2, 2020). "Halloween 6: Why The Producer's Cut Is The Superior Version". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on October 21, 2024.
  118. ^ Nowlan & Nowlan 2001, p. 1255.
  119. ^ Foreman, Alison; Righetti, Jamie (October 15, 2022). "Ranking All 13 'Halloween' Films in Michael Myers and Laurie Strode's Legendary Horror Franchise". IndieWire. Archived from the original on November 2, 2024.

Sources

[edit]
  • Armstrong, Keith Byron (2003). Slasher Films: An International Filmography, 1960 Through 2001. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-786-41462-8.
  • Chaney, Jen (2015). As If!: The Oral History of Clueless as told by Amy Heckerling and the Cast and Crew. New York City, New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-476-79909-4.
  • Etling, Laurence (2014). Radio in the Movies: A History and Filmography, 1926-2010. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-786-48616-8.
  • Farrands, Daniel; Howarth, Alan (2014). Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers, The Producer's Cut. Halloween: The Ultimate Collection (Blu-ray audio commentary). Scream Factory and Anchor Bay Entertainment.
  • McNeill, Dustin; Mullins, Travis (2019). Taking Shape: Developing Halloween From Script to Scream. Greensboro, North Carolina: Harker Press. ISBN 978-0-578-58681-6.
  • McNeill, Dustin; Mullins, Travis (2020). Taking Shape II: The Lost Halloween Sequels. Greensboro, North Carolina: Harker Press. ISBN 978-0-578-74526-8.
  • Nowlan, Robert A.; Nowlan, Gwendolyn L. (2001). The Films of the Nineties. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-786-40974-7.
  • Norman, Jason (2014). Welcome to Our Nightmares: Behind the Scene with Today's Horror Actors. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-786-47986-3.
  • Rogers, Nicholas (2003). Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-195-16896-9.
[edit]