John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp

John Adolf
John Adolf
	John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Reign	18 October 1590 –; 31 March 1616
Predecessor	Philip
Successor	Frederick III
Born	27 February 1575; Gottorf Castle
Died	31 March 1616 (aged 41); Schleswig
Burial	Schleswig Cathedral
Spouse	Augusta of Denmark
Issue	Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp; Elisabeth Sofie; Adolf ; Dorothea Augusta of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp; Hedwig ; Anna; John X of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp; Christian
House	Holstein-Gottorp, Oldenburg
Father	Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Mother	Christine of Hesse

Johann Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp (27 February 1575 – 31 March 1616) was a Duke of Holstein-Gottorp.

Life

He was a third son of Duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp and his wife Christine of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel). He became the first Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck (1586–1607) and the Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1589–1596). He became the Duke after the deaths of his two elder brothers; as Duke of a sovereign state in the early 17th century, he became involved with the religious wars of the time.^[1]

After succeeding in 1590 his father as ruling Duke, the Bremian Chapter enforced his resignation in favour of his younger brother John Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince-Bishop.

Diplomatic efforts

John Adolf entered into a secret treaty with his cousin, King Christian IV, to suppress the nobility,^[2] in 1608.^[3] He wrote at least one diplomatic letter to Queen Elizabeth I.^[4]

Patronages

He donated to the Hamburg Confraternity of Saint Anne of the Iceland Merchants, which indicated that he was involved in trade with Iceland.^[5] He was also a patron of touring English theatre troupes.^[6]

Family and children

He was married on 30 August 1596 to Princess Augusta of Denmark, daughter of King Frederick II of Denmark. They had the following children:

Frederick III of Holstein-Gottorp (22 December 1597 – 10 August 1659).
Elisabeth Sofie (12 October 1599 – 25 November 1627), married on 5 March 1621 to Duke Augustus of Saxe-Lauenburg.
Adolf (15 September 1600 – 19 September 1631).
Dorothea Auguste (12 May 1602 – 13 March 1682), married in 1633 to Joachim Ernest, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön.
Hedwig (23 December 1603 – 22 March 1657), married on 15 July 1620 to Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach.
Anna (19 December 1604 – 20 March 1623).
John (18 March 1606 – 21 February 1655).
Christian, died young in 1609.

Ancestors

Ancestors of John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp

16. Dietrich, Count of Oldenburg

8. Christian I of Denmark

17. Hedvig of Holstein

4. Frederick I of Denmark

18. John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach

9. Dorothea of Brandenburg

19. Barbara of Saxe-Wittenberg

2. Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp

20. Eric II, Duke of Pomerania

10. Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania

21. Sophia of Pomerania-Stolp

5. Sophie of Pomerania

22. Casimir IV Jagiellon

11. Anna Jagiellon

23. Elizabeth of Austria

1. John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp

24. Louis II, Landgrave of Lower Hesse

12. William II, Landgrave of Hesse

25. Mechthild of Württemberg-Urach

6. Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse

26. Magnus II, Duke of Mecklenburg

13. Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

27. Sophie of Pomerania-Stettin

3. Christine of Hesse

28. Albert III, Duke of Saxony

14. George, Duke of Saxony

29. Sidonie Podiebrad

7. Christine of Saxony

30. Casimir IV Jagiellon (= 22)

15. Barbara Jagiellon

31. Elizabeth of Austria (= 23)

References

^ Duerloo, Luc (2016). Archduke Albert (1598-1621) and Habsburg Political Culture in an Age of Religious Wars. Routledge. p. 312. ISBN 9781317147275. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
^ Dunham, Samuel Astley (1840). History of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, Volume 3. p. 147. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
^ The Cabinet Cyclopaedia, Volume 27. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green. 1840. p. 143. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
^ Calendar of State Papers, Foreign Series, of the Reign of Elizabeth, Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty's Public Record Office, Volume 22. Kraus, Reprint of Great Britain, Public Record Office. 1966. p. 310. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
^ Holterman, Bart (2020). The Fish Lands: German Trade with Iceland, Shetland and the Faroe Islands in the Late 15th and 16th Century. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 9783110651829. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
^ S.E Wilmer, Yana Meerzon, ed. (2023). The Palgrave Handbook of Theatre and Migration. Springer International Publishing. p. 258. ISBN 9783031201967. Retrieved 20 October 2024.

Bibliography

Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 73-109, here pp. 87seq. ISBN 978-3-529-02606-5

Regnal titles
John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp House of Holstein-Gottorp Cadet branch of the House of Oldenburg Born: 27 February 1575 Died: 31 March 1616
Religious titles
Vacant Title last held by Henry III of Saxe-Lauenburg (Lutheran Administrator, 1568-1585) 1585–1589 rule by Bremen's Chapter and Estates in custodianship for the minor John Adolf	Prince-Archbishop of Bremen 1589–1596 (Lutheran Administrator)	Succeeded by John Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp (Lutheran Administrator)
Preceded by Eberhard II von Holle	Prince-Bishop of Lübeck 1586–1607 (Lutheran Administrator)
German nobility
Preceded by Philip	— TITULAR — Duke of Holstein-Gottorp 1590–1616	Succeeded by Frederick III
Regnal titles
Preceded by Christian IV of Denmark and Philip (in condominial rule)	Duke of Holstein and Duke of Schleswig 1590–1616 with Christian IV (1590–1616)	Succeeded by Christian IV and Frederick III (in condominial rule)

[1] Duerloo, Luc (2016). Archduke Albert (1598-1621) and Habsburg Political Culture in an Age of Religious Wars. Routledge. p. 312. ISBN 9781317147275. Retrieved 20 October 2024.

[2] Dunham, Samuel Astley (1840). History of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, Volume 3. p. 147. Retrieved 20 October 2024.

[3] The Cabinet Cyclopaedia, Volume 27. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green. 1840. p. 143. Retrieved 20 October 2024.

[4] Calendar of State Papers, Foreign Series, of the Reign of Elizabeth, Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty's Public Record Office, Volume 22. Kraus, Reprint of Great Britain, Public Record Office. 1966. p. 310. Retrieved 20 October 2024.

[5] Holterman, Bart (2020). The Fish Lands: German Trade with Iceland, Shetland and the Faroe Islands in the Late 15th and 16th Century. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 9783110651829. Retrieved 20 October 2024.

[6] S.E Wilmer, Yana Meerzon, ed. (2023). The Palgrave Handbook of Theatre and Migration. Springer International Publishing. p. 258. ISBN 9783031201967. Retrieved 20 October 2024.

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