HMS Thracian (1920)

	HMS Thracian in 1941
History
United Kingdom
Name	Thracian
Ordered	1915
Builder	Hawthorn Leslie and Company; Sheerness Dockyard;
Laid down	17 January 1918
Launched	5 March 1920
Commissioned	1 April 1922
Identification	Pennant number: D86
Motto	Thrust on
Fate	Grounded on 17 December 1941 at Ngan Chau, Hong Kong
General characteristics HMS Thracian
Class and type	S-class destroyer
Displacement	1,075 long tons (1,092 t)
Length	276 ft (84 m) o/a
Beam	26 ft 8 in (8.13 m)
Draught	9 ft (2.7 m)
Installed power	27,000 shp (20,000 kW); 3 × Yarrow boilers;
Propulsion	2 Shafts; 2 steam turbines
Speed	36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph)
Range	2,750 nmi (5,090 km; 3,160 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Complement	90
Armament	3 × QF 4-inch (102 mm) Mark IV guns; 1 × QF 2-pounder (40 mm) "pom-pom" anti-aircraft gun; 2 × twin 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes; 2 × single 18-inch (45 cm) torpedo tubes;
Japan
Name	Patrol Boat No. 101; (第101号哨戒艇, Dai-101-Gō Shōkaitei);
Builder	Navy 2nd Construction Department at Hong Kong
Acquired	1942
Commissioned	1 October 1942
Decommissioned	1945
In service	1942–1945
Renamed	15 March 1944; Special Training Ship No. 1; (特第1号練習艇, Toku Dai-1-Gō Renshūtei);
Reclassified	Training ship, 15 March 1944
Reinstated	Returned to Royal Navy in October 1945
Fate	Scrapped, February 1946
General characteristics Patrol Boat No.101
Class and type	Patrol boat/Training ship
Displacement	1,150 long tons (1,168 t) standard
Length	80.79 m (265 ft 1 in) Lpp
Beam	8.17 m (26 ft 10 in)
Draft	3.01 m (9 ft 11 in)
Propulsion	2 × Brown-Curtis turbines,; 3 × Yarrow water tube boilers,; 2 shafts, 10,000 shp;
Speed	25 knots (29 mph; 46 km/h)
Complement	December 1943; 119; March 1944; 113;
Sensors and ; processing systems	Mk. 23 gunfire control radar (1944)
Armament	25 November 1942; 3 × QF 4-inch (101.6 mm) Mark IV guns; 15 March 1944; 4 × Type 92 610 mm TTs; 2 × 6th Year Type 533 mm TTs; 2 × Type 93 13 mm AA guns; 1 × Type 94 depth charge thrower; 10 × Type 95 depth charges;

HMS Thracian was an S-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy during the First World War.

Description

The S-class destroyers were improved versions of the preceding Modified R class. They displaced 1,075 long tons (1,092 t).^[2] The ships had an overall length of 276 feet (84.1 m), a beam of 26 feet 8 inches (8.1 m) and a draught of 9 feet (2.7 m). They were powered by two Brown-Curtis geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by three Yarrow boilers. The turbines developed a total of 27,000 shaft horsepower (20,000 kW) and gave a maximum speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph). The ships carried a maximum of 301 long tons (306 t) of fuel oil that gave them a range of 2,750 nautical miles (5,090 km; 3,160 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph). The ships' complement was 90 officers and ratings.^[3]

Thracian was armed with three QF 4-inch (102 mm) Mark IV guns in single mounts and a single 2-pounder (40 mm) "pom-pom" anti-aircraft gun. The ship was fitted with two twin mounts for 21-inch (533 mm) torpedoes.^[2] Two additional single mounts were positioned abreast the bridge at the break of the forecastle for 18-inch (45 cm) torpedoes. All torpedo tubes were above water and traversed to fire.^[4]

Construction and career

HMS Thracian was laid down on 17 January 1918 at Hawthorn Leslie and Company, but she was not launched until 5 March 1920 due to financial constraints post-war limitation in naval expenditure.^[1] She was completed at Sheerness Dockyard on 1 April 1922.

Battle of Hong Kong

The ship took part in the Battle of Hong Kong in December 1941, commanded by Lieutenant-Commander Arthur Luard Pears.^[5]^[6] She was the only destroyer defending the colony, after the departure of HMS Scout and HMS Thanet for Singapore on 8 December.^[7] On 10 December, she took part in a raid on Japanese crafts attempting to land on Lamma Island.^[1] On 13 December, she participated in the evacuation of personnel from Kowloon and Green Island to Aberdeen, Hong Kong Island.^[8] On 16 December, she attacked Japanese boats that were preparing for the invasion of Hong Kong Island, but ran aground at Uk Kok. She was refloated later that day and returned to Aberdeen dockyard. Further into the afternoon, she became the target of Japanese high-level bombing. A near miss caused several casualties. With the dockyard badly damaged, the damage Thracian suffered from running aground was considered too bad to fix.^[9]^[10] On the next day, she was deliberately run aground at Ngan Chau.^[10]^[11] The crew of Thracian continued to defend the colony as infantry,^[12]^[6] and would suffer heavy losses in the battle and subsequent captivity.^[1] On 24 December, Japanese troops began salvaging the ship,^[1] and she was later captured by the Imperial Japanese Army.^[13]

Imperial Japanese Navy service (1942 – 1945)

On 1 October 1942, she was registered to the naval ship list in the Imperial Japanese Navy, and classified as a special service ship (patrol boat). She was renamed Patrol Boat No. 101.^[14] On 25 November, repairs were completed by the Navy 2nd Construction Department, and she was assigned to the Yokosuka Naval District. Afterwards, she spent her time on convoy escort operations in the Yokosuka Area. On 15 August 1943, she was assigned to the torpedo warfare school at Yokosuka. On 15 March 1944, she was classified as the miscellaneous ship (training ship), and renamed Special Training Ship No. 1.^[15] She was used for a test bed for new weapons.

By August 1945, she was found in Yokosuka after an unsuccessful scuttling. In December, she was recovered by HMS Undine, only to be broken up in Hong Kong in 1946.^[1]

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Mason 2003.
^ ^a ^b Gardiner & Gray 1985, pp. 84–85.
^ Lenton 1998, p. 137.
^ Friedman 2009, p. 169.
^ Hong Kong War Diary.
^ ^a ^b Lai 2014, p. 23.
^ Banham 2003, p. 31.
^ Banham 2003, pp. 69–71.
^ Banham 2003, pp. 85–86.
^ ^a ^b Kwong & Tsoi 2013, p. 168.
^ Banham 2003, p. 90.
^ Banham 2003, p. 122.
^ Banham 2003, p. 324.
^ JACAR C12070115500 1942.
^ JACAR C12070485300 1942.

Bibliography

Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
Banham, Tony (2003). Not the Slightest Chance: The Defence of Hong Kong, 1941. UBC Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-1045-6.
Dittmar, F.J. & Colledge, J.J. (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0380-7.
Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
"Royal Navy & Royal Air force". Hong Kong War Diary. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
Kwong, Chi Man; Tsoi, Yiu Lun (2013). 孤獨前哨: 太平洋戰爭中的香港戰役 [Exposed Outpost: the Battle of Hong Kong in the Pacific War] (in Chinese). Hong Kong: Cosmos Books Ltd. ISBN 9789888254347.
Lai, Benjamin (20 June 2014). Hong Kong 1941–45: First strike in the Pacific War. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78200-269-7.
Lenton, H. T. (1998). British & Empire Warships of the Second World War. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-048-7.
March, Edgar J. (1966). British Destroyers: A History of Development, 1892–1953; Drawn by Admiralty Permission From Official Records & Returns, Ships' Covers & Building Plans. London: Seeley Service. OCLC 164893555.
Mason, Geoffrey B (2003). "HMS THRACIAN (D 86) - Old S-class Destroyer". Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
Secretary of the Navy of Japan (1942). 昭和１７年１月～１２月　達. Japan Center for Asian Historical Records (in Japanese). Retrieved 28 January 2021.
Secretary of the Navy of Japan (1944). 昭和１９年１月．昭和１９年５月　海軍公報（部内限）. Japan Center for Asian Historical Records (in Japanese). Retrieved 28 January 2021.

v t e Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in December 1941
Shipwrecks	2 Dec: Virsaitis 6 Dec: HMS Perseus 7 Dec: USS Arizona, USS California, USS Cassin, Cynthia Olson, USS Downes, Ha-19, M-16, M-18, M-20, M-22, USS Nevada, USS Oglala, USS Oklahoma, Sauternes, USS Shaw, U-208, USS Utah, USS West Virginia, HMCS Windflower 8 Dec: SS Capillo, Nisqually, USS Penguin, HMS Peterel, Ravnaas 10 Dec: HMS Banka, USS Bittern, I-70, HMS Prince of Wales, HMS Repulse, Takao Maru, No. 10, USS YP-16 11 Dec: Hayate, Kisaragi, HMS Lady Shirley 12 Dec: Awazisan Maru, HMS Moth, HMS Tamar 13 Dec: Alberico da Barbiano, Alberto di Giussano 14 Dec: HMS Galatea 15 Dec: Empire Barracuda, HNLMS O 16, U-127 16 Dec: U-557 17 Dec: Corregidor, Ro-66, Shinonome, U-131 18 Dec: U-434 19 Dec: HMS Neptune, HNLMS O 20, HMS Stanley, U-574 20 Dec: Emidio, HMS Kandahar 21 Dec: HMS Audacity, HMS Cicala, HNLMS K XVII, U-451, U-567 23 Dec: Hayataka Maru, Montebello, Patrol Boat No. 32, Patrol Boat No. 33, Shuntien, U-79 24 Dec: Absaroka, HNLMS K XVI, USS Rochester, Sagiri, HMS Salvia 25 Dec: Empire Dragon, USS Sealion, HMS Thracian 26 Dec: Unyo Maru No. 2 27 Dec: Arayat, Canlaon 28 Dec: Banahao, DCH-1, U-75, Volo, SS Connecticut 29 Dec: BRP Banahaw, Ro-60 Unknown date: HMS H31, USS Nereus, HMS Triumph, Vizcaya
Other incidents	7 Dec: USS Gamble, USS Maryland, USS Pennsylvania, USS Tennessee, USS Thresher, USS Vestal 8 Dec: Awazisan Maru, USS Thresher 9 Dec: I-10 10 Dec: Oigawa Maru, USS Sealion 11 Dec: HMS Jackal 16 Dec: HMS Thracian 17 Dec: Ro-62 20 Dec: USS Pompano 24 Dec: Absaroka 31 Dec: Ruth Alexander
1940 1941 1942 November 1941 January 1942