James Mason Hutchings
James Mason Hutchings | |
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 Portrait of James Hutchings c. 1888 | |
| Born | February 10, 1820 Towcester, Northamptonshire, England |
| Died | October 31, 1902 (aged 82) Yosemite, California, USA |
| Resting place | Yosemite Cemetery |
| Children |
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James Mason Hutchings (February 10, 1820 – October 31, 1902) was an American businessman and one of the principal promoters of what is now Yosemite National Park.
Biography
[edit]Born in Towcester in England, Hutchings immigrated to the U.S. in 1848, then went to California in 1849 during the Gold Rush. He became wealthy as a miner, lost it all in a bank failure, then became wealthy again from publishing.[1]
In 1853, he published The Miner's Ten Commandments.[2]
On July 5, 1855 James Hutchings set out on what would be one of the most historic trips to the region, leading the second tourist party into Yosemite.[3][4] (The first tourist party, in 1854, was led by Robert Bruce Lamon, but no account of the trip is known to be written.) He then became one of the first settlers in Yosemite Valley. Hutchings published an illustrated magazine, Hutchings' Illustrated California Magazine that told the world about Yosemite and the Sierra. It was said "...upon the return of Hutchings' party, the descriptions staggered the skeptics and silenced the croakers. From this time forward can be considered the commencement of the visits of tourists." He was a tireless promoter, of himself and Yosemite. After Yosemite Valley was granted to California as protected land in 1864, Hutchings, through his interpretation of existing preemption laws, believed he was entitled to 160 acres (647,000 m²) of land in the Valley. He sued, unsuccessfully, to have those acres deeded to himself; the U.S. Supreme Court ruled Congress could establish the Yosemite Grant.[5] He did, however, get a generous payment from the state to help compensate for loss of land use. In 1875, he was banished from Yosemite Valley because of his constant challenging of the law prohibiting the construction of buildings on public lands.
Hutchings remarried twice and was an innkeeper for the Calaveras Big Tree Grove Hotel, north of Yosemite. Hutchings' prominence in Yosemite Valley allowed him to connect with figures of great importance to the history of Yosemite, including John Muir, Galen Clark and James McCauley.[6]
While visiting Yosemite, Hutchings was killed on October 31, 1902, when his horse reared and threw him from his buggy. He is buried at Yosemite Cemetery.[7]
Further reading
[edit]- Huntley, Jen A. (2011). The Making of Yosemite: James Mason Hutchings and the Origin of America's Most Popular National Park. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-1805-7. OCLC 714731511.
- Kruska, Dennis (2009). James Mason Hutchings of Yo Semite. A Biography and Bibliography. San Francisco: Book Club of California. ISBN 978-0-9819-5971-9. OCLC 461317451.
- Mrs. H. J. Taylor "James Mason Hutchings" in Yosemite Indians and Other Sketches (1936)
- James M. Hutchings "California for Waterfalls!," San Francisco Daily California Chronicle (August 18, 1855) Contains an account of the first or second tourist party to Yosemite Valley
- James M. Hutchings, editor, Hutchings' Illustrated California Magazine (1856–1861)
- James M. Hutchings "The Yo-Ham-i-te Valley" Hutchings' Illustrated California Magazine v1 #1:2–8 (July 1856) First account of Yosemite Valley with illustrations
- James M. Hutchings "The Great Yo-Semite Valley," Hutchings' Illustrated California Magazine, (October 1859).
- James M. Hutchings Scenes of Wonder and Curiosity in California (1862). First travel guide for Yosemite Valley.
- James M. Hutchings In the Heart of the Sierras (1888)
- Hank Johnston Yosemite's Yesterdays, v. 2, chapter 2 (1991) has a biography of James Hutchings
- Another detailed biography of Hutchings can be found in Peter E. Palmquist and Thomas R. Kailbourn, Pioneer Photographers of the Far West: A Biographical Dictionary, 1840-1865 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2000), pp. 312–316.
- Hutchings' 1855 travel journal (along with his 1848-49 emigration journal) is available at the Library of Congress, catalog number MMC-1892
References
[edit]- ^ Mason, Maryann (2018) Catlin’s Paintings Lure James Mason Hutchings to America Jefferson Public Radio
- ^ Image of "The Miner's Ten Commandments", (Placerville, California), 1853, Library of Congress: Printed Ephemera Collection.
- ^ Transcription of the California and Oregon travel diary Southern Oregon History
- ^ Kruska, Dennis (2012), Catalog for the Touring Yosemite exhibit, September-December 2012, at the Honnold/Mudd Library of the Claremont Colleges. pg. 1
- ^ "Yosemite National Park". www.nationalparkstraveler.org. Retrieved 2020-02-10.
- ^ Hutchings National Park Service
- ^ Medley, Steven P. (2012-10-02). The Complete Guidebook to Yosemite National Park. Yosemite Conservancy. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-930238-28-2.
External links
[edit]- Works by or about James Mason Hutchings at the Internet Archive
- Works by James Mason Hutchings at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- "A New Commandment" and "Third Commandment", two short radio readings from Hutchings' "The Miners' Ten Commandments," (California State Library) from the California Legacy Project.
- James M. Hutchings collection, 1873–1942. California State Library, California History Room.
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