North Coast Road (Java)

The North Coast Road (Indonesian: Jalur Pantai Utara (Jalur Pantura)) is a road 1,430 km in length,^[1] that connects Cilegon and Banyuwangi along the northern coast of Java, particularly between Jakarta and Surabaya.

Most of Java's north coast road was built during the reign of governor-general Herman Willem Daendels (1808–1811) and was originally known as the Great Post Road (Indonesian: Jalan Raya Pos Dutch: De Grote Postweg).^[2]

History of construction

The Great Post Road was a military road which was built under the order of King Lodewijk Napoleon who ruled the Kingdom of Holland at that time.^[3] The road was intended to ease military support, e.g. transfer of soldiers, in order to defend Java from a possible British invasion. It connects Anyer in its western end and Panarukan in the eastern end of Java. After the reign of Daendels, the eastern road was later extended to Banyuwangi. The Java Great Post Road consists of most of the present Java North Coast Road. However, the original post road runs through the Preanger (Priangan, West Java) highlands, from Meester Cornelis (Jatinegara) going south to Buitenzorg (Bogor), and going east to Cianjur, Bandung, Sumedang, and Cirebon. The current north coast road runs through coastal northern West Java which was built later after the construction of Daendels' post road. It connects Bekasi, Karawang, Pamanukan, and Cirebon.

Most of the current national road network in Java was built during the Dutch East Indies era. However, during the Suharto era around the 1980s, the toll road network system was introduced within the Java transportation network. The Java toll network highway has been continuously expanded, and today some of these toll roads forms Java north coast road.

Extent

As the Great Post Road, it originally ran from Anyer in the west of Java to Panarukan in the east, but was later extended to Banyuwangi.^[3] In its current form the North Coast Road runs through five provinces: Banten, DKI Jakarta, West Java, Central Java and East Java. The port of Merak forms the western terminus, connecting with Bakauheni in Sumatra, the southern end of the Trans-Sumatran Highway. The eastern end is situated at Ketapang with connections to Gilimanuk in Bali. Sections of the North Coast Road are going to be part of the 13,177 km AH2 route of the Asian Highway Network route, which links Denpasar, Bali with Khosravi, Iran,^[4] since some of the AH2 is still under construction. AH2 is a freeway limited to vehicles having at least 4 wheels. The North Coast Road also comprises National 1, which is open to any vehicle.

Cities

The road connects the largest cities in Java, including Jakarta, Cilegon, Tangerang, Bekasi, Cirebon, Tegal, Pekalongan, Semarang, Rembang, Tuban, Surabaya, Pasuruan, Probolinggo and Banyuwangi.^[4]

Toll roads

The traffic of North Coast Road is gradually easing by the Trans-Java toll road and its complement toll roads.

Volume and hazards

This road is a major route for land transportation, being used by a range of 20,000 to 70,000 vehicles daily.^{[citation needed]} The state of the road varies in condition, which can seriously affect traffic-flow.^[5]

The North Coast Road is a major artery during the celebration of the Lebaran holiday, where transit is primarily west to east.

References

^ UN Economic & Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific: Asian Highway Database [1] Access date 29 March 2009
^ Encyclopædia Britannica: Herman Willem Daendels [2] Access date 29 March 2009
^ ^a ^b Peter Nas (2002). "Java and De Groote Postweg, La Grande Route, the Great Mail Road, Jalan Raya Pos" (PDF). In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. Vol. 158. pp. 707–725. Retrieved 2007-10-25.
^ ^a ^b "Asian Highway Handbook" (PDF). UN Economic & Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. 2003. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
^ "Bumpy going along Java's damaged north coast roads | The Jakarta Post". Archived from the original on 2011-06-07.

[1] UN Economic & Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific: Asian Highway Database [1] Access date 29 March 2009

[2] Encyclopædia Britannica: Herman Willem Daendels [2] Access date 29 March 2009

[nas-3] Peter Nas (2002). "Java and De Groote Postweg, La Grande Route, the Great Mail Road, Jalan Raya Pos" (PDF). In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. Vol. 158. pp. 707–725. Retrieved 2007-10-25.

[unescap.org-4] "Asian Highway Handbook" (PDF). UN Economic & Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. 2003. Retrieved 29 August 2015.

[5] "Bumpy going along Java's damaged north coast roads | The Jakarta Post". Archived from the original on 2011-06-07.

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v t e Asian Highway Network
Across the whole continent	AH1 AH2 AH3 AH4 AH5 AH6 AH7 AH8 AH9 [ko; zh]
Southeast Asia	AH11 AH12 AH13 AH14 AH15 AH16 AH17 AH18 AH19 AH21 [ko] AH25 AH26 AH111 AH112 AH121 [ko; th] AH123 [ko; th] AH131 AH132 AH140 AH141 AH142 AH143 AH150 AH151 AH152
East Asia, Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia	AH30 AH31 AH32 AH33 AH34 AH35 [ko]
South Asia	AH41 AH42 AH43 AH44 AH45 AH46 AH47 AH48 AH51
North Asia, Central Asia and Southwest Asia	AH60 AH61 AH62 AH63 AH64 AH65 AH66 AH67 AH68 AH70 AH71 AH72 AH75 AH76 AH77 AH78 AH81 AH82 AH83 AH84 AH85 AH86 AH87 AH88

v t e National Routes of Indonesia
Bali	1 2 3 4 5
Java	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Sumatra	1 5 13 20