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J.Crew

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J.Crew Group, Inc.
Company typePrivate
IndustryRetail
Founded1947; 77 years ago (1947) (as Popular Merchandise, Inc.)
1983 (1983) (as J.Crew)
FoundersMitchell Cinader
Saul Charles
Headquarters225 Liberty Street,
New York City, New York, U.S.
Number of locations
506 (2018)
Key people
Libby Wadle
(CEO)
ProductsClothing, shoes, and accessories
RevenueIncrease US$2.54 billion (2019)[1][2]
Increase US$−78.8 million (2019)[1]
Total assetsIncrease US$1.599 billion (2019)[1]
Total equityDecrease US$−1.35 billion (2019)[1]
OwnerAnchorage Capital Group and Leonard Green & Partners[3]
Number of employees
9,400 (2019)[1]
DivisionsJ.Crew
crewcuts
The Liquor Store (defunct)
The Ludlow Shop
J.Crew Factory
J.Crew Mercantile
Madewell
Websitejcrew.com

J.Crew Group, Inc., is an American multi-brand, multi-channel, specialty retailer. The company offers an assortment of women's, men's, and children's apparel and accessories, including swimwear, outerwear, lounge-wear, bags, sweaters, denim, dresses, suiting, jewelry, and shoes.

In 2010 it sold via retail outlets, mail order catalogs, and an online store.[4] As of August 2016, it operated more than 450 retail stores throughout the United States.[5] On May 4, 2020, the company announced that it would apply for bankruptcy protection amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. J. Crew successfully exited bankruptcy protection in September 2020.[6]

History

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Formation and catalog growth

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In 1947, Mitchell Cinader and Saul Charles founded Popular Merchandise, Inc., a store that did business as Popular Club Plan and sold low-priced women's clothing marketed through in-home demonstrations.[7] Throughout the mid-1980s, sales from catalog operations grew rapidly. "Growth was explosive—25 to 30 percent a year," Cinader later recollected in The New York Times. Annual sales grew from $3 million to more than $100 million over five years.[7] In 1985, the "Clifford & Wills" brand was launched, selling women's clothing that was more affordable than the Popular Merchandise line.[8] In 1987, two executives left the company to start their own catalog, Tweeds.[9]

The 1980s marked a booming sales period for catalog retail giants Lands' End, Talbots, and L. L. Bean. Popular Merchandise initiated its own catalog operation, focusing on leisurewear for upper-middle-class customers, aiming for a Ralph Lauren look at a much lower price. The first Popular Club Plan catalog was mailed to customers in January 1983 and continued under that name until 1989. Popular Club Plan catalogs often showed the same garment in more than one picture with close-up shots of the fabrics, so customers could get a sense of how the garment looked on the body and be assured of the company's claims of quality.[10]

Name change and first stores

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In 1983, Popular Merchandise, Inc. became known as J.Crew, Inc, taking its name from the sport crew with a J affixed for graphical appeal[11]. The company attempted but failed to sell the Popular Club Plan brand.[7] Also in 1989, J.Crew opened its first retail store, in South Street Seaport in downtown Manhattan.[12]

J.Crew Group was owned by the Cinader family for most of its existence, but in October 1997 investment firm Texas Pacific Group Inc. purchased a majority stake. By the year 2000, Texas Pacific held an approximate 62 percent stake, a group of J.Crew managers held about 10 percent, and Emily Cinader Woods, the chairman of J.Crew, along with her father, Arthur Cinader, held most of the remainder.[13] The brand Clifford & Wills was sold to Spiegel. in 2000 with the intent to boost sales.[8] In 2004, J.Crew bought the rights to the brand Madewell, a defunct workwear manufacturer founded in 1937, and used the name from 2006 onwards as "a modern-day interpretation", targeted at younger women than their main brand.[14][15][16]

Going public and then private again

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A Madewell store at Easton Town Center in Columbus, Ohio

In 2006, the company held an IPO, raising $376 million by selling new shares equal to 33 percent of expanded capital. However, in 2011, TPG Capital LP and Leonard Green & Partners LP took J.Crew private again in a $3 billion leveraged buyout.[17] On November 23, 2010, the company had agreed to be taken private in a $3 billion deal led by management with the backing of TPG Capital and Leonard Green & Partners, two large private equity firms. The announcement of the offer from two investment firms—including one that used to own J.Crew—came as the retailer reported that its third-quarter net income fell by 14 percent due to weak women's clothing sales. The company also lowered its guidance for the 2010 year. Under the deal as proposed, J.Crew shareholders would receive $43.50 per share in cash, representing a 16 percent premium to the stock's closing price the prior day of $37.65. CEO Mickey Drexler, the former Gap Inc. chief credited with turning J.Crew around since coming aboard in 2003, remained in that role and retained a "significant" stake in the company (as of September 2010, he holds 5.4 percent of outstanding shares).[18]

Shortly after the announcement of the deal, some in the business community criticized the terms of the deal involving the company's CEO and a majority shareholder.[19] As a result, the "go-shop" period was extended shortly after the initial announcement.[20] In addition, several investigations relating to potential shareholder actions against the company were announced.[21] After the deal, TPG and Leonard Green borrowed more to help finance dividends totaled $787 million to them.[17]

Recent

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In June 2015, The New York Times reported that J. Crew's women's division was undergoing a slump because of the company's failure to react to two market trends: cheap "fast fashion" and "athleisure" items.[22] In 2016, J .Crew partnered with Nordstrom to begin selling their products in stores and online.[23] In December 2016, the company faced litigation after it moved its intellectual property "out of the reach of lenders."[24]

In April 2017, the company cut 250 jobs, largely from its headquarters.[24] The company also underwent several management changes, and long-term creative director Jenna Lyons left the company in April.[25] The brand's longtime head of menswear, Frank Muytjens, left the company that month as well,[26] and in June 2017, the company's CEO, Mickey Drexler, announced that he would later be stepping down as CEO role after 14 years with the company.[27] Drexler announced he would stay on as chairman and still own 10% of the company.[28] On June 12, 2017, J.Crew Group Inc. announced it had "made an offer to some of its bondholders to push back its most pressing debt obligation—about $567 million due in May 2019—and amend its term loan." At the time, J.Crew Group had around $2 billion in debt.[24] Also in 2017, Drexler approached Amazon Inc about selling J.Crew to the tech giant.[29]

In the summer of 2017, the company avoided a bankruptcy filing by having bondholders do a debt swap tapping into its brand name value. The majority of the bondholders agreed to the deal, with several others failing to stop the deal with a lawsuit. The deal lowered the company's debt.[30]

In September 2018, J.Crew began selling its standalone "J.Crew Mercantile" brand on Amazon.[31]

On February 16, 2018, J.Crew hired Adam Brotman, a long-time Starbucks executive, as president and chief experience officer.[32] Brotman's first major impact was launching "J.Crew Rewards", the company's first reward program independent of the company's credit card. The rewards program offers free shipping and $5 back for each $200 spent.[33]

In November 2018, J.Crew announced its CEO, James Brett, would step down and be replaced by an office of the CEO consisting of four senior executives from J.Crew.[34] Brett took up the position in June 2017.[35] The company released a press release stating Brett's departure was a "mutual agreement" between Brett and the company's board of directors. Brett will be replaced by Michael Nicholson (president and COO), Adam Brotman (president and chief experience officer), Lynda Markoe (chief administrative officer), and Libby Wadle, president of Madewell Brand. The new office of the CEO will be responsible for managing J.Crew's operations as the board establishes a permanent management structure.[36][37] On November 29, J.Crew announced the dissolution of their Nevereven, Mercantile, and J.Crew Home sub-brands.[38]

On April 11, 2019, J.Crew announced that president and COO, Michael Nicholson, would retain the title of interim CEO, along with the subsequent announcement of Brotman's departure.[39]

J.Crew reported a net income of $1.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2019, up from a net loss of $74.4 million in quarter four of 2018.[40][41][42]

On January 28, 2020, the retailer announced that Jan Singer would assume title of CEO.[43] Singer was previously CEO of Victoria's Secret, Spanx and was an executive at Nike.[44] She was to replace Nicholson, who would assume his previous position.

On May 4, 2020, J.Crew filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic,[45] although the company had amassed enormous debt even before the outbreak.

Chinos Holdings, Inc. and 17 affiliated debtors filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. These debtors requested joint administration of the cases under Case No. 20-32181.[46]

In September 2020, J Crew permanently closed all six of its UK stores after its parent group emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy following an approval plan to cut its debts.[47]

In November 2020, J.Crew appointed new chief executive officer. Libby Wadle replaced Jan Singer, who had been CEO for less than a year.[48][49]

Retail stores

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J.Crew at South Shore Plaza in Braintree, Massachusetts

The company once operated 506 retail stores, including 203 J.Crew stores, 129 Madewell stores, and 174 J.Crew Factory (including 42 J.Crew Mercantile) outlet locations, as reported in 2018.[50] In 2010 it also had Crewcuts stores, using the name of its children's brand (styled lowercase crewcuts).[4][51] The company also operates internationally in Canada, France, the UK, and Hong Kong. Additionally, the company has 76 locations in Japan, which are operated under license by ITOCHU Corporation.[52]

In March 1989, the first J.Crew retail outlet opened in the South Street Seaport in Manhattan, and the company planned to open 45 more stores. Five months after the opening of its first store, J.Crew added two new catalog lines: "Classics" and "Collections." "Collections" used more complicated designs and finer fabrics to create dressier and more expensive items, while "Classics" featured clothes that could be worn both to work and for leisure activities. In the fall of 1989, J.Crew opened three new stores in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts; San Francisco, California; and Costa Mesa, California, all locations with strong catalog sales. By the end of the year, retail sales nearly hit $10 million. Despite 1989 revenues estimated at $320 million, J.Crew suffered a setback when its agreement to sell its Popular Club unit collapsed at the end that year. In addition, rumors circulated that the company's Clifford & Wills low-priced women's apparel catalog was doing poorly.[citation needed]

J.Crew saw revenues reach $400 million in 1990 but reported that its four existing stores had not yet started producing enough profits to cover their overheads. The next phase of store openings included outlets in Philadelphia, Cambridge, and Portland. The company scaled back its plans for opening retail stores from 45 stores to 30 or 35. In early 1991 the company hired a director of new marketing development and began efforts to expand their sales into Canada. In April 1991, J.Crew mailed 75,000 J.Crew catalogs and 60,000 Clifford & Wills catalogs to potential customers in the province of Ontario. Response rates to this effort were slightly lower than in the United States, but each order, on average, was higher. In 1992, J.Crew intensified its push into international markets by hiring a new vice-president for international development. The company already mailed hundreds of catalogs to customers in Japan and Europe, most of whom had become acquainted with J.Crew while traveling or living in the United States.[citation needed]

J.Crew in Markville Shopping Centre (now closed)

In 2011, J.Crew opened its first international store in the Yorkdale Shopping Centre in Toronto.[53] In 2012, J.Crew announced four new Canadian locations: Edmonton in West Edmonton Mall, Vancouver on Robson Street, and Toronto in Fairview Mall (now closed) and the Toronto Eaton Centre. All locationswere to carry women's and men's collections. Along with 5 new stores, although some of these stores have been closed recently. J.Crew announced to opening of two new factory stores in Canada, with one in Vaughan Mills and the other in Edmonton (The second J.Crew in Alberta)[54][55][56]

In an interview with the Financial Times in 2011, CEO of J.Crew Mickey Drexler said that J.Crew would be expanding to the U.K. with their flagship store being on London's Regent Street. He indicated that the company would be following up their recent expansion into Canada and Canadian e-commerce with a physical store in England, most likely followed by e-commerce elsewhere, such as France and Germany. Although a few locations were reviewed for the London store, including Covent Garden and the East End, the ultimate decision was to open on Regent Street.[57]

From 2016 to 2018, J.Crew Group closed 96 J.Crew and J.Crew Factory retail locations.[50] On March 2, 2020, J.Crew announced that it would pause the proposed Madewell IPO that was intended to be initiated on March 2. The company is considering a possible separation of J.Crew and Madewell into two separate companies.[40][41][42]

Marketing

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Historically, each year the company issued 24 editions of the J.Crew catalog, distributing more than 80 million copies. Beginning in 2017, the catalog began being released with fewer pages and fewer issues per year.[58]

J.Crew has been criticized for labeling its new super-small jeans as "size 000".,[59] and for advertising them as "toothpick jeans". Critics have said the labeling promotes vanity, a practice known as vanity sizing.[60] The "size 000" is smaller than a size zero and has three zeros, implying that it is two sizes smaller than the smallest normal size. This has caused people to question whether negative sizes will be available in the future.[61]

In early 2011, J.Crew was under fire by conservative media outlets for an advertisement featuring its creative director and president, Jenna Lyons, painting her son's toenails pink. Beneath the picture was a quote that read, "Lucky for me I ended up with a boy whose favorite color is pink."[62] Some people were of the opinion that J.Crew was challenging traditional gender identity roles, although author Jo B. Paoletti said that it was "no big deal".[63]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "J.Crew Group". Fortune.
  2. ^ http://investors.jcrew.com/sec-filings?items_per_page=10&page=1
  3. ^ "J. Crew Said to Be Talking With Banks About 2014 IPO". Bloomberg News. 26 February 2014.
  4. ^ a b "Find Local Contractors - Home Remodeling Contractors on Ecnext". wrightreports.ecnext.com. Archived from the original on 2011-04-09. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
  5. ^ Olson, Elizabeth (8 August 2012). "J. Crew Wants to Reconnect With Its Base". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
  6. ^ "J. Crew exits bankruptcy". Archived from the original on 2020-09-12.
  7. ^ a b c "History of J. Crew Group, Inc. – FundingUniverse". www.fundinguniverse.com.
  8. ^ a b "Spiegel to Buy Clifford & Wills From J. Crew". Los Angeles Times. 22 December 1999.
  9. ^ "Excite -". www1.excite.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2011-04-13.
  10. ^ "J. Crew Group Inc. | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2020-03-14.
  11. ^ Scheiber, Noam (October 17, 2017). "Arthur Cinader, Who Started J. Crew, Avatar of Preppy Style, Dies at 90". The New York Times.
  12. ^ "Help-About J.Crew". www.jcrew.com. under the direction of the CEO Author Cinader and COO Arnold Cohen.
  13. ^ "J. Crew Group, Inc. - Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on J. Crew Group, Inc". www.referenceforbusiness.com. Retrieved 2020-03-14.
  14. ^ "Help-About J.Crew". www.jcrew.com.
  15. ^ Nosowitz, Dan (28 September 2014). "How Madewell Bought And Sold My Family's History". Buzzfeed. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  16. ^ Milnes, Hilary (20 March 2015). "How Madewell became J.Crew's golden goose". Digiday. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  17. ^ a b DiNapoli, Jessica (1 May 2017). "Exclusive: Blackstone's GSO snaps up J. Crew debt in restructuring gambit". Reuters. Archived from the original on May 1, 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
  18. ^ J Crew makes deal Yahoo Finance
  19. ^ Berman, Dennis K. (30 November 2010). "Inspecting J. Crew Deal in the Mirror". The Wall Street Journal.
  20. ^ Prasad, Sakthi (18 January 2011). "UPDATE 1-J Crew to settle suit, extends go-shop period". Reuters.
  21. ^ https://finance.yahoo.com/news/The-Law-Office-of-Joseph-bw-34721594.html?x=0&.v=1 [dead link]
  22. ^ Creswell, Julie (10 June 2015). "J. Crew Flounders in Fashion's Shifting Tides". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  23. ^ "J.Crew to start selling its women's apparel at Nordstrom". Fortune. Retrieved 2017-02-08.
  24. ^ a b c Minaya, Ezequiel; Safdar, Khadeeja. "J.Crew Tries to Ease Debt Load as Sales Decline Continues". Wall Street Journal. New York City, United States. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
  25. ^ Lauren Sherman, Jenna Lyons Exits J.Crew businessoffashion.com APRIL 3, 2017
  26. ^ Max Berlinger, J.Crew and Frank Muytjens Have Parted Ways GQ 4/26/2017
  27. ^ Hayley Peterson, J.Crew CEO out after 14 years — here's where he says the company went wrong businessinsider.com June 5, 2017
  28. ^ John Kell, J. Crew CEO Mickey Drexler Steps Down fortune.com June 5, 2017
  29. ^ J.Crew approached Amazon about a sale, chairman Mickey Drexler says Jason Del Rey, November 9, 2017
  30. ^ Biswas, Soma (21 September 2017). "Deal to Save J.Crew From Bankruptcy Angers High-Yield Debt Investors". Wall Street Journal.
  31. ^ Thomas, Dawn Kopecki, Lauren (September 5, 2018). "J. Crew sets up shop on Amazon with new dedicated online shop". CNBC.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  32. ^ J.Crew has hired the Starbucks executive who transformed the coffee chain into a tech innovator Jason Del Rey, February 16, 2018
  33. ^ "J.Crew Finally Gets a Loyalty Program but Is It Too Late?". Fortune.
  34. ^ "J.Crew CEO James Brett steps down after a short tenure". CNBC. 2018-11-19. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  35. ^ "J.Crew CEO James Brett steps down after just 17 months". Business Insider.
  36. ^ Kerch, Steve. "J. Crew CEO steps down, replaced by 4-exec 'Office of the CEO'".
  37. ^ Safdar, Khadeeja (17 November 2018). "J.Crew CEO Exits After About a Year in Role". Wall Street Journal.
  38. ^ Jennings, Rebecca (30 November 2018). "J.Crew launched its newest brand 16 days ago. Now it's closing". Vox.com. Vox Media. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  39. ^ "J.Crew Group: Form 8-K: 333-175075".
  40. ^ a b "J. Crew delays proposed Madewell IPO". Retail Dive.
  41. ^ a b Moin, David (March 2, 2020). "J. Crew Group Turns a Profit; Buys Time on Madewell IPO".
  42. ^ a b "J.Crew Group, Inc. Announces Fourth Quarter And Fiscal 2019 Results and Extends Transaction Support Agreement With Ad Hoc Group Of Creditors". finance.yahoo.com.
  43. ^ "J.Crew | SEC Filings | 8-K | 01/28/20".
  44. ^ Kapner, Suzanne (2020-01-28). "WSJ News Exclusive | J.Crew Hires Former Victoria's Secret Executive as CEO". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2020-01-28.
  45. ^ Friedman, Vanessa; Maheshwari, Sapna; Merced, Michael J. de la (2020-05-03). "J. Crew Files for Bankruptcy in Virus's First Big Retail Casualty". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-05-04.
  46. ^ "J. Crew files for bankruptcy. What does this mean for Madewell?". Fast Company. 4 May 2020. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
  47. ^ Butler, Sarah (2020-09-21). "J Crew to close all six of its UK stores". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-09-22.
  48. ^ "J.Crew Changes CEOs for Third Time in Three Years". Bangkok Post. 26 November 2020. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
  49. ^ Visavadia, Hemma (26 November 2020). "J.Crew appoints new CEO". Retail Sector. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
  50. ^ a b "J.Crew Group: Form 10-K: 333-175075".
  51. ^ Rider, Jason (2 February 2011). "Shopping Picks for Feb. 3". The New York Times.
  52. ^ "J. Crew Group, Inc. - Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on J. Crew Group, Inc". referenceforbusiness.com.
  53. ^ "J. Crew to open first Canadian store at Yorkdale in August". Toronto Star. 24 June 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  54. ^ "Robson Street Business Association". Archived from the original on 2013-05-24. Retrieved 2012-03-14.
  55. ^ "CF Toronto Eaton Centre | Home". Cadillac Fairview Shopping Centres.
  56. ^ "West Edmonton Mall - Website". wem.ca.
  57. ^ Friedman, Vanessa (2011-10-11). "Lunch with the FT: Mickey Drexler". Financial Times. Retrieved 2011-11-13.
  58. ^ Hyland, Véronique (June 13, 2017). "J.Crew Is Closing About 20 Stores, Scaling Back Catalogs". The Cut.
  59. ^ "Size 000". 16 July 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
  60. ^ Merrick, Amy (16 July 2014). "Who's Buying J. Crew's New XXXS Clothes?". The New Yorker. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
  61. ^ Adams, Erika (2 July 2014). "J.Crew Now Comes in Size 000. Yeah. Three Zeros". racked.com. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  62. ^ "J. Crew Ad With Boy's Pink Toenails Creates Stir". ABC News. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  63. ^ Macedo, D. (2011, April 11). J.Crew ad showing boy with pink nail polish sparks debate on gender identity. Retrieved November 25, 2014
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