Isaiah 20

Isaiah 20
Isaiah 20
← chapter 19 chapter 21 →
	The Great Isaiah Scroll, the best preserved of the biblical scrolls found at Qumran from the second century BC, contains all the verses in this chapter.
Book	Book of Isaiah
Hebrew Bible part	Nevi'im
Order in the Hebrew part	5
Category	Latter Prophets
Christian Bible part	Old Testament
Order in the Christian part	23

Isaiah 20 is the twentieth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah.

Text

The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 6 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).^[1]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^Q; 6th century).^[2]

Parashot

The parashah sections listed here are based on the Aleppo Codex.^[3] Isaiah 20 is a part of the Prophecies about the Nations (Isaiah 13 –23). {P}: open parashah; {S}: closed parashah.

{S} 20:1-2 {S} 20:3-6 {P}

Verse 1

In the year that Tartan came to Ashdod, when Sargon the king of Assyria sent him, and he fought against Ashdod and took it,^[5]

"Sargon": refers to Sargon II, reigning 722–705 BC as the king of Assyria.^[6] His successful conquest of Ashdod in 712/711 BCE is recorded in the Nineveh Prism fragments containing Sargon's own inscriptions.^[7] He was succeeded by his son, Sennacherib.^[8] Although his name is only explicitly written in this verse in the whole Hebrew Bible, his impact is reflected in other passages such as 2 Kings 17:1–6, 24, 29–31 and in the first part of the book of Isaiah.^[9] The song of Isaiah 14:4b–21 could be secondarily applied to Sargon's death (in 705 BCE; his body was never recovered and lost in the battlefield), called in that passage as the "King of Babylon" because from 710 to 707 BCE Sargon ruled in Babylon and even reckoned his regnal year on this basis (as seen in Cyprus Stela, II. 21–22).^[10]

Verse 2

at the same time the Lord spoke by Isaiah the son of Amoz, saying,

"Go, and remove the sackcloth from your body, and take your sandals off your feet."

And he did so, walking naked and barefoot.^[11]

"Sackcloth": refers to 'the rough garment of hair or coarse linen worn by mourners in lieu of the customary upper garment', which was also worn by prophets (2 Kings 1:8; Zechariah 13:4).^[12]

Notes and references

^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
^ As implemented in the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English.
^ Dan'el Kahn, "The Inscription of Sargon II at Tang-i Var and the Chronology of Dynasty 25," Orientalia 70 (2001)
^ Isaiah 20:1 NKJV
^ 5623. Sargon, Strong's Concordance.
^ Younger, K. Lawson Jr. (2003). "Recent Study on Sargon II, King of Assyria: implications for Biblical studies". In Chavalas, Mark W.; Younger, K. Lawson Jr. (eds.). Mesopotamia and the Bible. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement (Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies). Vol. 341 (reprint ed.). A&C Black. p. 313. ISBN 978-0-567-08231-2.. Quote: "In my ninth regnal year, I [marched] against the city of Ashdod, which is on the coast of the Great Sea. [...] [the city] of Ashdod [...][...]". Translation from the text published in: Fuchs, A. (1998) Die Annalen des Jahres 711 v. Chr. nach Prismenfragmenten aus Ninive und Assur (SAAS, 8; Helsinki: The Neo Assyrian Text Corpus Project), p. 44–46.
^ ""Sargon II, King of Assyria (721-705 BC)", The British Museum". Archived from the original on 2015-10-30. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
^ Younger 2003, p. 288
^ Younger 2003, p. 319
^ Isaiah 20:2 NKJV
^ Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Isaiah 20. Accessed 28 April 2019.

Bibliography

Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.

External links

Jewish

Isaiah 20 Original Hebrew with Parallel English

Christian

Isaiah 20 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Easton, Matthew George (1897). "Tartan". Easton's Bible Dictionary (New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.

[FOOTNOTEWürthwein199535–37-1] Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.

[FOOTNOTEWürthwein199573–74-2] Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.

[3] As implemented in the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English.

[4] Dan'el Kahn, "The Inscription of Sargon II at Tang-i Var and the Chronology of Dynasty 25," Orientalia 70 (2001)

[5] Isaiah 20:1 NKJV

[6] 5623. Sargon, Strong's Concordance.

[7] Younger, K. Lawson Jr. (2003). "Recent Study on Sargon II, King of Assyria: implications for Biblical studies". In Chavalas, Mark W.; Younger, K. Lawson Jr. (eds.). Mesopotamia and the Bible. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement (Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies). Vol. 341 (reprint ed.). A&C Black. p. 313. ISBN 978-0-567-08231-2.. Quote: "In my ninth regnal year, I [marched] against the city of Ashdod, which is on the coast of the Great Sea. [...] [the city] of Ashdod [...][...]". Translation from the text published in: Fuchs, A. (1998) Die Annalen des Jahres 711 v. Chr. nach Prismenfragmenten aus Ninive und Assur (SAAS, 8; Helsinki: The Neo Assyrian Text Corpus Project), p. 44–46.

[tbm-8] ""Sargon II, King of Assyria (721-705 BC)", The British Museum". Archived from the original on 2015-10-30. Retrieved 2017-06-15.

[9] Younger 2003, p. 288

[10] Younger 2003, p. 319

[11] Isaiah 20:2 NKJV

[cambridgebible-12] Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Isaiah 20. Accessed 28 April 2019.

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