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Interstate Department Stores, Inc., was an American holding company for a chain of small department stores, founded in Delaware in 1928.[1] After a very rapid expansion as the result of acquisition and expansion of two discount store chains acquired in 1959[2] and 1960[3] and also two toy store chains acquired in 1967 and 1969, the firm was renamed in 1970 as Interstate Stores, Inc., to better reflect its business.[4] Increased competition and the changes in consumer buying habits eventually led to decreased sales in the late 1960s and early 1970s which forced the firm to file for bankruptcy in 1974. After shedding all of its non-performing units, the firm was able to exit bankruptcy with the entire toy division intact along with a small remnant of the department store division in 1978. The firm was renamed Toys "R" Us upon emergence from bankruptcy.

History

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Interstate Department Stores was incorporated in Delaware on February 14, 1928, as a holding company to operate twenty-three department stores in the states of Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, New York, Ohio, Wisconsin, Kentucky, and West Virginia. The first stores were obtained by combining the properties associated with the Federman Department Stores and Stillman Department Stores groups. During this process, individual stores kept their individual names, and local management and staff. Leo G. Federman was selected as the company's first president.[5][1] The oldest store had been in operations for 20 years. By August of that year, Interstate had acquired or built four additional stores and had opened the Hill's Dry Goods Co. in Davenport, Iowa, and The Evansville Dry Goods Co. in Evansville, Indiana.[6]

In October 1929, Interstate acquired the Aurora Dry Goods Company of Aurora, Illinois,[7][8] and the Waukegan Dry Goods Co. of Waukegan, Illinois.[9]

After opening two stores during 1935, Interstate had 40 stores.[10] In 1952, the firm had 47 department stores.[11]

By 1958 Interstate operated 48 stores in fifteen states, selling low- and medium-price merchandise.

In 1959, Interstate entered the discount department store field by the acquisition of the two-store Los Angeles-based White Front chain in April for $1.6 million[2] and starting of the new discount chain through the opening a Family Fair store in Toledo, Ohio, and Canton, Ohio, in August and October, respectively. At this time, Interstate had 49 conventional department stores[12]

A year later, Interstate bought the Topps Department Stores discount chain for $4 million. By 1963, White Front had 11 stores. Interstate managed the discount chains, opening more stores.

The rapid growth of the Topps chain in the East and Midwest had the unwanted side-effect of forcing many of Interstate's conventional department stores to close when a new Topps discount store was situated within the same community.[13]

In the late sixties, Interstate diversified their holdings through the acquisition of the toy store chains Children's Supermart (Washington, DC) in 1967[14][15] and Children's Bargain Town (Chicago) in 1969.[16]

By 1968, there were 60 Topps, 28 White Fronts, 32 department stores, and eight toy superstores. In 1970, the stockholders voted to change the name of the company to Interstate Stores, Inc. to better reflect its business at that time since income from the conventional department stores represented a smaller percentage of the overall income for the firm.[4]

In the 1970s, sales dropped and Interstate closed several stores. In 1974, Interstate tried to acquire the variety and discount chains owned by McCrory Stores, but failed. Soon, Interstate filed for bankruptcy.[17] Soon, all White Front stores closed, with most being converted to Two Guys. The one remaining successful division, Toys "R" Us, became the company's only post-bankruptcy core business. In 1978, Charles Lazarus (founder of Toys "R" Us) took over, and the company was renamed Toys "R" Us Corporation. The company was acquired by Vornado Realty Trust in 2005, former owner of Two Guys.

Family Fair

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Family Fair was a discount chain that was started in the Midwest by Interstate in 1959 at a time in which Interstate did not have any discount stores east of the Rockies. In the first year, stores were opened in Toledo[18][19] and Canton, Ohio,[20] and in Louisville, Kentucky, the following year.[21][22] Interstate initially had big plans to expand this chain, but these plans were quickly discontinued after Topps was acquired in 1960 and all new discount stores that Interstate had opened in the Midwest after that date were under the Topps banner instead of the originally planned Family Fair banner.[23]

Topps

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The Topps Discount Stores chain was started in Hartford, Connecticut, by Frank Beckerman[3] and Selwyn Lemchen.[24] The first Topps store (30,000 sq. ft.) was opened in Hartford in 1956.[25] A larger second store (60,000 sq. ft.) was opened the following year in New Haven, Connecticut. The second store also include a supermarket section.[26] In March 1960, the ninth store in the chain and the first store in the Midwest was opened in Niles, Illinois, in a shopping complex that included a supermarket and a drug store in which no walls separated the three businesses.[27][28][29] Another Topps was quickly open in Fairfield, Connecticut.[30][31]

By 1960, the chain had 10 stores in Connecticut, New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Illinois. Some of the stores were known as Topps Discount City and others as Topps Discount Center.

In 1960, Interstate purchased the 10-unit Connecticut-based Topps Department Store chain for an undisclosed amount.[32][3]

The rapid growth in the Topps division also cause declines in the department store division and force the conventional department stores to close.[13] By 1968, Topps had 61 stores, mostly in the midwest and the northheastern parts of the United States.[24]

All Topps store were closed by 1974 when Interstate filed for bankruptcy.[17] At the time of announcement of Interstate's bankruptcy, Topps had nine stores that it intended to continue operating and was in process of closing 11 stores after just finishing closing an additional 41 stores.

A similarly named but unrelated Canadian chain that was owned by Topp's Discount Department Stores, Ltd. had operated in Winnipeg, Manitoba, from 1962[33] to 1969.[34]

Subsidiaries

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Sources

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Federman's Forms Retail Holding Firm: Interstate Department Stores, Inc., Organized By Leo G. And Reuben Federman And John Stillman To Acquire Operating Units—Stock Issue Soon". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 36, no. 38. February 15, 1928. p. 1. ProQuest 1653673659. Papers were filed at Dover, Del., yesterday for the Interstate Department Stores, Inc., to operate and acquire department stores in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, New York, and other states now operated by the Federman-Stillman interests it learned this morning. The Interstate Department Stores, Inc., is to act as a holding company for these various stores and is to be headed by Leo G. Federman.
  2. ^ a b "Interstate Department Stores Acquires Los Angeles Concern". Wall Street Journal. April 28, 1959. p. 12. ProQuest 132514230. Interstate Department Stores, Inc., announced it has acquired White Front Stores, Inc., Los Angeles, a two-unit low markup operation with volume of more $20 million a year.
  3. ^ a b c "Merge Topps Of Hartford With Interstate: Discount Chain Deal Confirmed". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 101, no. 49. September 12, 1960. p. 1. ProQuest 1523460261. It is headed by Frank Beckerman, president and founder.
  4. ^ a b "Centralized Operation Set At Interstate". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 120, no. 104. May 28, 1970. p. 40. ProQuest 1564982391. Stockholders voted to change the company name to Interstate Stores, Inc., a move that Cantor says, more clearly reflects the company's activity.
  5. ^ "Oversubscribe Stock Of New Store Chain: Interstate Dept. Stores, Inc., 1927 Net $970,957 — Net Sales Put At $17,939,000 — Common Offered At $28.50 Sells On Curb At $38.75". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 36, no. 42. February 20, 1928. pp. 1–2. ProQuest 1653862256. The stores involved are located mostly in cities of from 35,000 to 235,000 and carry popular priced line of merchandise. The stores which will comprise the Interstate chain were formerly owned of Federman and Stillman department store groups. The first Federman store was established in Akron, O., about 20 years ago. The stores are all popular priced department stores but do not carry furniture or musical instruments. No sales are made on credit or the installment plan. All the stores have been closely affiliated in the past and the president consolidation will not disturb the local management in any way. Buying will be completely centralized, continuing the present cooperative buying offices.
  6. ^ "Interstate Chain To Open In Evansville: New Store Gives Group Its 27th Unit — Many Other Locations Under Consideration". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 37, no. 44. August 22, 1928. p. 2. ProQuest 1653411716. The Interstate Department Stores, Inc., will open their 27th unit., about Oct. 15. The new store is approximately 68x180 feet and consists of four floors and a basement. Complete lines of general department store merchandise will be carried. The Evansville Dry Goods Co. is the name under which the new store will trade. Hill's Dry Goods Co., Inc., the Interstate chain's Davenport, Ia., unit, will open about Oct. 1
  7. ^ "Interstate Acquires Unit At Aurora, Ill". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 39, no. 66. October 2, 1929. p. 20. ProQuest 1676938376. The Aurora Dry Goods Co., of Aurura, Ill., has just been acquired by the Interstate Department Stores, Inc., making it the 31st unit to be purchased. This will be make four new stores which will be opened this month.
  8. ^ "Interstate Department Stores, Inc". Lehman Brothers Collection. Harvard University Baker Library.
  9. ^ "Crowd At Opening Of Waukegan D. G. Co.: Latest Illinois Unit Acquired By Interstate Department Stores Reports Capacity Business First Day". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 39, no. 77. October 17, 1929. pp. 8, 13. ProQuest 1653308461. The recent opening of the Waukegan Dry Goods Co., Waukegan, Ill., the latest acquisition of the Interstate Department Stores, brought capacity crowds to the store.
  10. ^ "Interstate Department Stores, Inc., Completes 1935 Expansion Program: Company Now Operates 40 Units, Five New Stores Having Been Opened This Year—Chain Never Had To Drop A Store — Two Moved To More Desirable Locations". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 51, no. 93. November 8, 1935. p. 15. ProQuest 1653870202. With the opening of the new Syracuse and Trenton stores, Interstate Department Stores, Inc., completed its 1935 expansion program. Five new units were exstablished during the year, giving the organization a chain of 40 stores. They are in Marion and Anderson, Ind., and Trenton, N.J. The two other stores in Evansville, Ind., and Syracuse, N.Y., represented removals to larger and more modern quarters.
  11. ^ "47th Outlet Opened By Interstate Stores; In Anderson, S. C.". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 85, no. 69. October 7, 1952. p. 21. ProQuest 1523198069. Interstate Department Stores formally opened its 47th outlet here. The unit retains the Bailes Department Store half-century-old name.
  12. ^ "Interstate Department Stores To Open 8 More Low-Overhead Units". Wall Street Journal. May 13, 1959. p. 23. ProQuest 132527966. Interstate Department Stores, Inc., will open eight low-overhead type stores within the next year, Sol W. Canter, president announced. To be known as Family Fair stores, the new outlets marked the second move in recent weeks toward discount-house type operations for Interstate. At the end of April, Mr. Cantor announced the 49-store chain had acquired White Front Stores, Inc. The first new Family Fair store schedule for opening is in Canton, Ohio.
  13. ^ a b "Hill's to Close Unit in Milwaukee". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 107, no. 77. October 17, 1963. p. 2. ProQuest 1565017852. Interstate recently closed its Hill's stores in Madison and Racine and opened new Topps Stores in Madison Green Bay, Wis.
  14. ^ "Toy Retailer Is Bought By Interstate Stores". New York Times. January 20, 1967. p. 86. ProQuest 117337215. Interstate Department Stores Inc., announced yesterday the acquisition for "several millions in cash" of the four-store Children's Supermart, Inc., Washington.
  15. ^ Goodman, S. Oliver (January 20, 1967). "4-Store Area Chain Sold to Interstate". Washington Post. p. E6. ProQuest 143246142. Children's Supermarts, Inc., a chain of four discount toy stores in the Washington area, has been acquired by Interstate Department Stores, Inc., a New York-based chain. Interstate operates 40 stores under the name of Topps in 11 states in the East and Midwest. Another 22 stores under the name of White Front are operated in California. The chain also operates conventional department stores, but 85 per cent of the gross is derived from discount units.
  16. ^ "Interstate Stores Buys Children's Bargain Town". Wall Street Journal. April 2, 1969. p. 4. ProQuest 133425144. Interstate Department Stores Inc. acquired Children's Bargain Town Inc., an eight-store Chicago-based discount toy chain, for an undisclosed amount of cash. Children's Bargain Town, 11 years old and privately held until its acquisition by Interstate, will operate under its present management as a subsidiary. Interstate also operates 26 White Fronts discount stores on the West Coast, 60 Topps discount stores in the East and Midwest and 32 department stores.
  17. ^ a b "Interstate's Chapter XI is tops in shops: Interstate Chapter XI is retailing's biggest". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 128, no. 102. May 23, 1974. pp. 1, 14. ProQuest 1627404149. So far 41 Topps discount stores have been closed, 11 are expected to be closed by July 1974 and the remaining nine will also be closed. Of its operating units, 25 are department stores, 43 are discount stores and 48 are toy supermarkets.
  18. ^ "Toledo Family Fair To Debut Aug. 10". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 99, no. 13. July 17, 1959. p. 7. ProQuest 1565234713.
  19. ^ "New Department Store To Be Self-Serve". Toledo Blade. August 7, 1959. p. 15 – via Google Books. Family Fair, Toledo newest department store, will open Monday at noon in the former Air-Way Appliance factory building at West Bankcroft Street and Auburn Avenue... Covering 100,000 square feet of floor space on two floors...
  20. ^ "Family Fair Opens 60,000-Sq.-Ft. Unit". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 99, no. 89. October 20, 1959. p. 13. ProQuest 1523481138. The first of a planned chain of department stores, Family Fair, opened here (Canton).
  21. ^ "Family Fair Opens 72,000-Sq.-Ft. Unit". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 100, no. 63. March 31, 1960. p. 48. ProQuest 1565021600. The first of three self-service Family Fair department stores planned for the Louisville area open here on Wednesday.
  22. ^ "New Family Fair Draws". Courier-Journal. April 1, 1960. p. 13. Wednesday marked the grand opening of Louisville's new Family Fair Store, and thousands of shoppers drove out to the gigantic store in the new Hikes Point Shopping Center on Taylorsville Road at Hikes Point.
  23. ^ "Interstate Dept. Stores To Register Higher Net". Barron's. July 15, 1963. p. 20. ProQuest 350589075. For a time, Interstate opened its own hard sell outlets - under the name Family Fair stores - in the East. Four such units are in operation. However the company abandon the program in 1960 when it took over the Topps discount chain.
  24. ^ a b "Lemchen Resigns Merchandiser Post At Interstate". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 117, no. 111. December 6, 1968. p. 38. ProQuest 1565070848. Lemchen was co-founder of Topps Discount Stores, which Interstate acquired in 1960, and now has blossomed into 61 units.
  25. ^ "Topps Store Makes Bow in Hartford". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 93, no. 45. September 4, 1956. p. 50. ProQuest 1565450195. Topps Department Store, a new 30,000 square-foot one-level operation has opened at 3155 Main Street.
  26. ^ "2D New Haven Unit Slated By Topps For Fall Opening". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 95, no. 8. July 11, 1957. p. 11. ProQuest 1523343556. A second Topps discount department store is under construction in New Haven and scheduled to open this fall.
  27. ^ "Shop Center to Be Opened Wednesday". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 26, 1960. p. d5. ProQuest 182450754. A 90,000 square foot shopping center near the intersection of Harlem avenue and Demster street, Niles will open Wednesday. The supermarket will be a National Tea store, Sav-Mor Drug, Inc., Chicago will operate the drug store and Topps Discount Center, Inc., of Hartford, Conn., will have the department section. There will be no dividing walls between the stores.
  28. ^ "Topps Sets First Store in Midwest". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 100, no. 59. March 25, 1960. p. 32. ProQuest 1564999008. Topps Discount Center, a Hartford, Conn., soft goods discount operation, will open its first Midwestern store in suburban Niles, Ill., in an under-one-roof operation with a food chain and a local drug chain.
  29. ^ "Apparel Markup Is 25% for Topps". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 100, no. 62. March 30, 1960. p. 6. ProQuest 1564999784. This is the ninth unit for the Hartford, Conn., based discount operation, and the first in the Midwest, according to Frank Beckerman, president.
  30. ^ "TOPPS Discount City To Open in Fairfield". Bridgeport Herald. August 14, 1960. p. 6.
  31. ^ "Topps to Launch 80,000 Sq. Ft. Unit". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 101, no. 31. August 16, 1960. p. 17. ProQuest 1565429499. A Topps Discount City will open on Kings Highway here (Fairfield) at the end of the month.
  32. ^ "Interstate Stores To Buy Topps Stores, 10-Unit Discount Chain". Wall Street Journal. September 13, 1960. p. 12. ProQuest 132570702. Interstate Department Stores, Inc. announced an agreement to acquire Topps Stores, a privately-owned, 10-store discount retail chain with stores in New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Illinois.
  33. ^ "Topp's, Ltd., New Canada Discount Firm". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 105, no. 3. July 5, 1962. p. 29. ProQuest 1523516412. A new Canadian-based firm, Topp's Discount Department Stores, Ltd. has formed here. The new firm is not connected in any way with the Topps discount operation of Interstate Stores.
  34. ^ "Topps Discount Dept. Stores In Canada Bankrupt". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 118, no. 41. February 27, 1969. p. 28. ProQuest 1523638729.
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