PL/M

PL/M
Developer	Gary Kildall at Microcomputer Applications Associates
First appeared	1973
Influenced by
	ALGOL, PL/I, XPL

The PL/M programming language (an acronym of Programming Language for Microcomputers^[2]^[3]) is a high-level language conceived and developed by Gary Kildall^[2]^[3]^[4]^[1] in 1973^[2]^[3] for Hank Smith^[2]^[3] at Intel for its microprocessors.

Overview

The language incorporated ideas from PL/I, ALGOL^{[citation needed]} and XPL,^[2]^[3] and had an integrated macro processor. As a graduate of the University of Washington Kildall had used their Burroughs B5500 computer,^[5] and as such was aware of the potential of high-level languages such as ESPOL for systems programming.

Unlike other contemporary languages such as Pascal or BASIC, PL/M had no standard input or output routines. It included features targeted at the low-level hardware specific to the target microprocessors, and as such, it could support direct access to any location in memory, I/O ports and the processor interrupt flags in a very efficient manner. PL/M was the first higher level programming language for microprocessor-based computers and was the original implementation language for those parts of the CP/M operating system which were not written in assembler. Many Intel and Zilog Z80-based embedded systems were programmed in PL/M during the 1970s and 1980s. For instance, the firmware of the Service Processor component of CISC IBM AS/400 was written in PL/M.

The original PL/M compiler targeted the Intel 8008.^[6] An updated version (PL/M-80) generated code for the 8080 processor, which would also run on the newer Intel 8085 as well as on the Zilog Z80 family (as it is backward-compatible with the 8080). Later followed compilers for the Intel 8048 and Intel 8051-microcontroller family (PL/M-51) as well as for the 8086 (8088) (PL/M-86), 80186 (80188) and subsequent 8086-based processors, including the advanced 80286 and the 32-bit 80386. There were also PL/M compilers developed for later microcontrollers, such as the Intel 8061 and 8096 / MCS-96 architecture family (PL/M-96).^[7]

While some PL/M compilers were "native", meaning that they ran on systems using that same microprocessor, e.g. for the Intel ISIS operating system, there were also cross compilers, for instance PLMX, which ran on other operating environments such as Digital Research CP/M, Microsoft's DOS, and Digital Equipment Corporation's VAX/VMS.

PL/M is no longer supported by Intel, but aftermarket tools like PL/M-to-C source-code translators exist.^{[citation needed]}

PL/M sample code

FIND: PROCEDURE(PA,PB) BYTE;
    DECLARE (PA,PB) BYTE;
    /* FIND THE STRING IN SCRATCH STARTING AT PA AND ENDING AT PB */
    DECLARE J ADDRESS,
        (K, MATCH) BYTE;
    J = BACK ;
    MATCH = FALSE;
        DO WHILE NOT MATCH AND (MAXM > J);
        LAST,J = J + 1; /* START SCAN AT J */
        K = PA ; /* ATTEMPT STRING MATCH AT K */
            DO WHILE SCRATCH(K) = MEMORY(LAST) AND
                NOT (MATCH := K = PB);
            /* MATCHED ONE MORE CHARACTER */
            K = K + 1; LAST = LAST + 1;
            END;
        END;
    IF MATCH THEN /* MOVE STORAGE */
        DO; LAST = LAST - 1; CALL MOVER;
        END;
    RETURN MATCH;
    END FIND;

References

^ ^a ^b Swaine, Michael (2001-06-22). "Gary Kildall and Collegial Entrepreneurship". Dr. Dobb's Journal. Archived from the original on 2019-07-26. Retrieved 2006-11-20.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Shustek, Len (2016-08-02). "In His Own Words: Gary Kildall". Remarkable People. Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on 2019-10-03. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Kildall, Gary Arlen (2016-08-02) [1993]. Kildall, Scott; Kildall, Kristin (eds.). Computer Connections: People, Places, and Events in the Evolution of the Personal Computer Industry (Manuscript, part 1). Kildall Family. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
^ Johnson, Herb (2019-07-21). "ISIS, Intellec, PL/M, iRMX, and Intel - 20th century". Retrotechnology. Archived from the original on 2019-10-02. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
^ Kildall, Gary Arlen (September 1970). "APL\B5500 - The Language And Its Implementation" (PDF). University of Washington, Computer Science Group. Technical Report 70-09-04. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-12-20. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
^ Kildall, Gary Arlen (1974-06-27). "High-level language simplifies microcomputer programming" (PDF). Electronics. McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 103–109. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-11-14. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
^ "Translators And Utilities For Program Development". Software Handbook (PDF). Intel Corporation. 1984 [1983]. p. 3-1. 230786-001. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-01-29. Retrieved 2020-01-29. […] A LANGUAGE FOR EVERY NEED […] PL/M is the most popular 8086 language for systems programming and provides the best of both optimal code and high level language capabilities. […] PL/M-51 was the first high level language ever to be introduced for a microcontroller. The 8096 is similarly supported with PL/M-96. […]

Overview

PL/M sample code

References

Further reading