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Indigenous cattle breeds of India

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Of the more than 800 cattle breeds recognized worldwide, India had 27 acknowledged indigenous breeds of cattle and 7 breeds of buffaloes. As of 2018 the ICAR recognized 50 breeds that are indigenous in India,[1][2] of which two cattle breeds and three buffalo breeds were added in 2018.[3] Local conservation programs are endeavouring to maintain the purity of breeds such as Tharparkar,[4] dwarf cattle such as Kasaragod, and Kankrej, Amrit Mahal and Kangayam.[5] On the basis of main uses Indigenous cattle breeds are classified in to milch (cow and buffalloes for milk), draft (load carrying such as ox), and dual purpose (i.e. milk and draft).[6][7]

All India livestock census (in thousands)

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Exotic/Crossbred 2007 2012 % change
Male 6,844 5,971 -12.75
Female 26,216 33,760 28.78
Total 33,060 39,732 20.18
Indigenous[8] 2007 2012 % change
Male 76,779 61,949 -19.32
Female 89,236 89,224 -0.01
Total 1,66,015 1,51,172 -8.94

Indigenous cattle breeds of India

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Total population and breeds of indigenous cattle of India are as follows:[9][10][11]

S No Breed Image Region of origin Type Related cattle breed Description
1 Alambadi Alambadi, Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu draught
2 Amritmahal[12] Hassan, Chikmagalur and Chitradurga district, Karnataka. draught
3 Gir Gir forest region and surrounding districts, Saurashtra region, Gujarat milch Bhadawari, Desan, Gujarati, Kathiawari, Sorthi, and Surati.

Gyr[13] - Brazil,

4 Red Sindhi[14] Karachi and Hyderabad (Pakistan) regions of undivided India milch Red Karachi, Sindhi and Mahi
5 Sahiwal[15][16] Montgomery District of undivided India milch Lola (loose skin), Lambi Bar, Montgomery, Multani, Teli.

Australian Milking Zebu, Australian Friesian Sahiwal.

Best indigenous dairy breed.
6 Bargur Bargur forest hills, Anthiyur Taluk, Erode District, Western Tamil Nadu draught
7 Hallikar[17] Mysore, Mandya, Hassan and Tumkur districts, South Karnataka draught
8 Kangayam[18][19] Kangeyam, Tiruppur district, Tamil Nadu draught
9 Pulikulam[20][21] Cumbum valley, Madurai district, Tamil Nadu. draught
10 Khillari cattle[22] Satara, Kolhapur and Sangli regions, Maharashtra and Bijapur, Dharwad and Belgaum districts, Karnataka draught
11 Umblachery Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu draught
12 Deoni[23] Bidar district, Karnataka and Latur district, Maharashtra milch, draught
13 Hariana[24] Rohtak, Karnal, Jind, Hissar, and Gurgaon districts, Haryana and eastern Punjab milch, draught
14 Kankrej[25] Banaskantha, Gujarat milch, draught Guzerat,[26] Brazil
15 Krishna Valley[27] Southern border of Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh milch, draught
16 Ongole[28] Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh milch, draught Nelore,[29] Brazil
17 Tharparkar[30][31] Tharparkar District in Sindh province in Pakistan. milch, draught Karan Fries[4]
18 Bachaur[32] Madhubani, Darbhanga and Sitamarhi, north Bihar draught
19 Dangi[33] Nasik and Ahmednagar districts, Maharashtra draught
20 Kasaragod[34][5] Kasaragod district, Kerala
21 Kenkatha[35] / Kenwariya Bundelkhand, Uttar Pradesh and banks of river Ken and Vindhyas hilly range, Madhya Pradesh draught
22 Kherigarh[36][37] Lakhimpur Kheri district, Uttar Pradesh draught
23 Malenadu Gidda[38][39] Coastal and hilly areas of Karnataka
24 Malvi[40] Malwa plateau, Western Madhya Pradesh draught
25 Mewati / Kosi[41] Mewat, Haryana milch
26 Nagori[42][43] Nagaur district, Rajasthan draught appreciated for fast road work.
27 Nimari Narmada valley, Madhya Pradesh and Jalgaon district, Maharashtra
28 Ponwar Pilbhit, Uttar Pradesh
29 Rathi[44] Rajasthan milch, draught
30 Red Kandhari[45] Latur, Kandhar taluk in Nanded district and Parbhani district, Maharashtra and North Karnataka
31 Siri[46] Parts of Sikkim, Darjeeling and Bhutan draught
32 Vechur[47] Kerala
33 Motu[48] Orissa,Chhattisgarh

and Andhra Pradesh

34 Ghumusari[48] Orissa
35 Binjharpuri[48] Orissa
36 Khariar[48] Orissa
37 Pulikulam[48] Tamilnadu
38 Kosali[48] Chhattisgarh
39 Belahi[48] Haryana and Chandigarh
40 Gangatiri[48] Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
41 Badri[48] Uttarakhand
42 Lakhimi[48] Assam
43 Ladakhi[48] Jammu and Kashmir
44 Konkan Kapila[48] Maharashtra and Goa

Newly registered cattle breeds of India

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ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal (NBAGR) is the nodal agency for the registration of newly identified germplasm of Cattle are:[49]

S No Breed Image Region of origin Type Related cattle breed Description
1 Poda Thurpu Nagarkurnool of Telangana Draught purpose
2 Nari Sirohi and Pali districts of Rajasthan, Sabarkantha and Banaskantha districts Gujarat Dual purpose (Milch and Draught)
3 Dagri Dahod, Chhota Udaipur and parts of Mahisagar, Panchmahal and Narmada district Gujarat Draught purpose
4 Thutho Nagaland Draught and Meat purpose
5 Shweta Kapila North Goa and South Goa districts of Goa
6 Himachali Pahari Kullu, Chamba, Mandi, Kangra, Sirmaur, Shimla, Kinnaur, Lahul & Spiti districts of Himachal Pradesh Draught purpose
7 Purnea Araria, Purnea and Katihar districts; and the Adjoining areas of Kishanganj, Supaul and Madhepura districts of Bihar Dual purpose (Milch and Draught)

Indigenous buffalo breeds of India

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Total population and indigenous buffalo breed of India are as follows:[50][51]

Buffalo Population in India (in million)

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Total Buffalo Population in the country is 109.85 Million during 2019. Total Buffalo has increased by 1.1% over previous Livestock Census (2012). Female Buffalo Population increased by 8.61% whereas Male Buffalo is declined by 42.35% over previous census. About 20.5% of the total livestock is contributed by buffaloes.[52]

Buffalo 2007 [53] 2012 [54] 2019 [55]
Male 19.59 16.10 9.28
Female 85.74 92.60 100.57
Total 105.34 108.70 109.85

Registered Buffalo breed of india

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There are 19 registered Buffalo breed in India under ICAR - NBAGR are as follows [56]

S No Breed Image Region of origin Type Related cattle breed Description
1 Banni[57]
2 Bhadawari[58] Agra and Etawah districts,Uttar Pradesh and Gwalior district, Madhya Pradesh.
3 Jaffrabadi[59] Gir forests, Kutch and Jamnagar districts, Gujarat. known for its ability to fight lions in Gir forest
4 Mehsana[60] Mehsana, Sabarkanda and Banaskanta districts, Gujarat and adjoining Maharashtra evolved out of crossbreeding between the Surti and the Murrah.
5 Murrah[61] Rohtak, Hisar and Sind of Haryana, Nabha and Patiala districts, Punjab and southern parts of Delhi Delhi, Kundi and Kali.
6 Nagpuri[62] Nagpur, Akola and Amrawati districts, Maharashtra. Elitchpuri, Barari.
7 Nili Ravi[63] Sutlej valley in Ferozpur district, Punjab and in the Sahiwal (Pakistan)
8 Surti Kaira and Baroda district, Gujarat. Deccani, Gujarati, Talabda, Charator and Nadiadi.
9 Toda[64] Nilgiri Hills, South India semi-wild breed.
10 Marathwadi[56] Maharashtra
11 Pandharpuri[56] Maharashtra
12 Chilika[56] Orissa
13 Kalahandi[56] Orissa
14 Luit (Swamp)[56] Assam and Manipur
15 Bargur[56] Tamil Nadu
16 Gojri[56] Pathankot, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Rupnagar and SAS Nagar (Mohali) districts of Punjab and Kangra and Chamba districts of Himachal Pradesh Milk and draught purpose Animals can travel long distances (seasonal migration) and can climb easily on hill tops for grazing. Used for both milk and draught power (ploughing and other agricultural operations).
17 Dharwad[56] Bagalkot, Belagavi, Dharwad, Gadag, Ballari, Bidar, Vijayapura, Chitradurga, Kalaburgi, Haveri, Koppal, Raichur and Yadgir districts of Karnataka Milk purpose The milk this buffalo is used for preparation of famous Dharwad Peda with GI tag.
18 Manda[56] Koraput, Malkangiri and Nawarangapur districts of Odisha Draught, milk and manure Manda buffaloes are reared mostly under extensive system, Both male and females are used for agriculture operations.
19 Chhattisgarhi[56] Chhattisgarh

See also

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References

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