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IZUMO1

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IZUMO1
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesIZUMO1, IZUMO, OBF, izumo sperm-egg fusion 1
External IDsOMIM: 609278; MGI: 1920706; HomoloGene: 77701; GeneCards: IZUMO1; OMA:IZUMO1 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_182575
NM_001321864
NM_001321865

NM_001018013

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001308793
NP_001308794
NP_872381

NP_001018013

Location (UCSC)Chr 19: 48.74 – 48.75 MbChr 7: 45.62 – 45.63 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 1 (Sperm-specific protein izumo) is encoded in humans by the IZUMO1 gene.[5] In mammalian fertilisation, IZUMO1 binds to its egg receptor counterpart, Juno, to facilitate recognition and fusion of the gametes. [6]

Function

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The sperm-specific protein Izumo, named for a Japanese shrine dedicated to marriage, is essential for sperm-egg plasma membrane binding and fusion.[7]

Studies have shown that male Izumo knockout mice are sterile because their sperm are unable to fuse to the oocyte membrane.[1] Izumo -/- mice produced morphologically normal sperm that were able to penetrate the zona pellucida, but could not fuse with to the eggs. In fact, it is necessary to relocate the IZUMO1 to the site of oocyte fusion.[8] In-vitro human experiments have also been conducted, suggesting that Izumo is required for human gamete fusion. [1]

Through the use of Western Blot analyses, it has been shown that Izumo is only expressed in the testis and is found on mature spermatozoa. [9] Izumo-1 located on mature spermatozoa that have undergone capacitation binds to its receptor Juno, which is located on the oolemma of eggs. [10]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000182264Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000064158Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ "Entrez Gene: Izumo sperm-egg fusion 1".
  6. ^ Bianchi, Enrica, et al. "Juno is the egg Izumo receptor and is essential for mammalian fertilization." Nature 508.7497 (2014): 483.
  7. ^ Inoue N, Ikawa M, Isotani A, Okabe M (2005). "The immunoglobulin superfamily protein Izumo is required for sperm to fuse with eggs". Nature. 434 (7030): 234–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.434..234I. doi:10.1038/nature03362. PMID 15759005. S2CID 4402928.
  8. ^ Ikawa, M., Inoue, N., Benham, A. M., & Okabe, M. (2010). Fertilization: a sperm's journey to and interaction with the oocyte. The Journal of clinical investigation, 120(4), 984-94.
  9. ^ Ellerman DA, Pei J, Gupta S, Snell WJ, Myles D, Primakoff P. Izumo is part of a multiprotein family whose members form large complexes on mammalian sperm. Molecular reproduction and development. 2009;76(12):1188-1199.
  10. ^ Bianchi E, Doe B, Goulding D, Sanger Mouse Genetics Project, Wright GJ. Juno is the egg Izumo receptor and is essential for mammalian fertilisation. Nature. 2014;508(7497):483-487.

Further reading

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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.