Internet Mix
Internet Mix or IMIX refers to typical Internet traffic passing some network equipment such as routers, switches or firewalls. When measuring equipment performance using an IMIX of packets the performance is assumed to resemble what can be seen in "real-world" conditions.
Network equipment that performs complex manipulation of packets, such as firewalls or VPN routers, often have non-wire rate performance and as such it can not deliver wire rate performance on small 64 byte packets, this is easier at 1500 byte packets - but none of these packet sizes resemble actual traffic seen on the Internet over some time.
The IMIX traffic profiles are used by network equipment vendors to simulate real-world traffic patterns and packet distributions. IMIX profiles are based on statistical sampling done on Internet routers, and are published in various levels of granularity, such as "simple" and "complete."
Although the actual Internet traffic mix has changed over time, the standardized IMIX profiles used for testing have not been updated accordingly because the IMIX test results need to be comparable.
Mix profiles exist for IPv4, TCP, VPN (IPsec) and IPv6 traffic, distributions are similar but frame sizes vary given the different overhead and upper layer limitations on MTU.
Here is an illustration of the Simple IMIX, a mix often used by firewall vendors showing IMIX throughput performance in their data sheets (along with the "optimal test conditions" throughput performance):
| Packet size (incl. IP header) | # Packets | Distribution (in packets) | Bytes | Distribution (in bytes) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40 | 7 | 58.333333% | 280 | 7% |
| 576 | 4 | 33.333333% | 2304 | 56% |
| 1500 | 1 | 8.333333% | 1500 | 37% |
Here is an illustration of the "optimal test conditions" IMIX used by some firewall vendors showing only theoretical throughput performance in their data sheets:
| Packet size (incl. IP header) | # Packets | Distribution (in packets) | Bytes | Distribution (in bytes) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1500 | 1 | 100% | 1500 | 100% |
Early scholarly studies in 2004 indicated that TCP traffic in particular exhibits a bimodal distribution with spikes around minimum-sized packets (less than 100 bytes) and Ethernet MTU (more than 1400 bytes).[1] Later studies confirmed this for backbone[2][3] and enterprise[4] networks.
References
[edit]- ^ Pentikousis, Kostas; Hussein Badr (2004). "Quantifying the deployment of TCP options-a comparative study". IEEE Communications Letters. 8 (10): 647–649. doi:10.1109/LCOMM.2004.835308. S2CID 11917158.
- ^ Wolfgang, John; Sven Tafvelin (2007). "Analysis of internet backbone traffic and header anomalies observed" (PDF). In Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement.
- ^ Zhang, Min; Maurizio Dusi; Wolfgang John; Changjia Chen (2009). "Analysis of UDP Traffic Usage on Internet Backbone Links". 2009 Ninth Annual International Symposium on Applications and the Internet. pp. 280–281. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.534.6303. doi:10.1109/SAINT.2009.65. ISBN 978-1-4244-4776-3. S2CID 15388851.
- ^ Murray, David; Terry Koziniec (2012). "The State of Enterprise Network Traffic in 2012". 18th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC 2012). CiteSeerX 10.1.1.707.5199.
- "Test Methodology Journal: IMIX (Internet Mix) Journal" (PDF). Spirent. March 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-23. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- "The Journal of Internet Test Methodologies" (PDF). IXIA (formerly Agilent Technologies). September 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 2012-09-12.