White-chinned sapphire
| White-chinned sapphire | |
|---|---|
| |
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| Female (above) and male (below) in São Paulo, Brazil | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Clade: | Strisores |
| Order: | Apodiformes |
| Family: | Trochilidae |
| Genus: | Chlorestes |
| Species: | C. cyanus
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| Binomial name | |
| Chlorestes cyanus (Vieillot, 1818)
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The white-chinned sapphire (Chlorestes cyanus) is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in northern South America. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and heavily degraded former forest.
This species was formerly placed in the genus Hylocharis. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that Hylocharis was polyphyletic.[3] In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, the white-chinned sapphire was moved to Chlorestes.[4][5]
Description
[edit]The male is green, with a blue head and dark-tipped red beak;[6] the female is brown and white with a black beak. Its mandible may change color as it ages.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ BirdLife International (2012). "Hylocharis cyanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
- ^ McGuire, J.; Witt, C.; Remsen, J.V.; Corl, A.; Rabosky, D.; Altshuler, D.; Dudley, R. (2014). "Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds". Current Biology. 24 (8): 910–916. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016. PMID 24704078.
- ^ Stiles, F.G.; Remsen, J.V. Jr.; Mcguire, J.A. (2017). "The generic classification of the Trochilini (Aves: Trochilidae): reconciling taxonomy with phylogeny". Zootaxa. 4353 (3): 401–424. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3. PMID 29245495.
- ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
- ^ a b Carnes, Blaine; Antezana Aponte, Mariamercedes; Huayanca Munarriz, Renato; Martínez, Ari E. (2021-09-20). "Preformative Molt Extent and Aging and Sexing Criteria for Eight Hummingbird Species in Southeastern Peru". Ornitología Neotropical. 32 (2): 106–115. doi:10.58843/ornneo.v32i2.867. ISSN 1075-4377.
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