Reef lobster

Reef lobsters; Temporal range: 279–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Middle Permian - present
	Enoplometopus antillensis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Malacostraca
Order:	Decapoda
Suborder:	Pleocyemata
Infraorder:	Astacidea
Superfamily:	Enoplometopoidea; De Saint Laurent, 1988
Family:	Enoplometopidae; De Saint Laurent, 1988
Genus:	Enoplometopus; A. Milne Edwards, 1862
Type species
	Enoplometopus pictus; A. Milne Edwards, 1862
Synonyms
	Hoplometopus Holthuis, 1983

Reef lobsters, Enoplometopus, are a genus of small lobsters that live on reefs in the Indo-Pacific, Caribbean and warmer parts of the Atlantic Ocean.^[2]

Description

Species of Enoplometopus occur from coral reefs at depths of less than 1 metre (3 ft 3 in)^[3] to rocky reefs at depths of 300 m (980 ft).^[4] They are brightly coloured, with stripes, rings, or spots. They are typically mainly red, orange, purplish and white.^[2] Reef lobsters are small (depending on species, up to 10–13 centimetres or 4–5 inches), nocturnal (spending the day in caves or crevices), and very timid.^[2] The species can be distinguished by their colouration and morphology.^[2]

As a result of their bright colours, they are popular in the aquarium trade, and unregulated collection combined with destruction of coral reefs may threaten some species. Due to uncertainty over the impact of these potential threats, the majority are considered data deficient by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.^[5]

Reef lobsters are distinguished from clawed lobsters (family Nephropidae) by having full chelae (claws) only on the first pair of pereiopods, the second and third pairs being only subchelate (where the last segment of the appendage can press against a short projection from the penultimate one). Clawed lobsters have full claws on the first three pereiopods. Males, unlike those of nephropoid lobsters, have an extra lobe on the second pleopod, which is assumed to have some function in reproduction. Reef lobsters have a shallow cervical groove while clawed lobsters have a deep cervical groove.^[6]

Although there is no fossil record of reef lobsters, there is some evidence that they may be related to the extinct genus Eryma which lived from the Permo-Triassic to the late Cretaceous.^[7]

Species

The genus contains the following species:^[8]

Enoplometopus antillensis Lütken, 1865
Enoplometopus callistus Intès and Le Loeuff, 1970
Enoplometopus chacei Kensley and Child, 1986
Enoplometopus crosnieri Chan and Yu, 1998
Enoplometopus daumi Holthuis, 1983
Enoplometopus debelius Holthuis, 1983
Enoplometopus gracilipes (De Saint Laurent, 1988)
Enoplometopus holthuisi Gordon, 1968
Enoplometopus occidentalis (Randall, 1840)
Enoplometopus pictus A. Milne Edwards, 1862
Enoplometopus voigtmanni Türkay, 1989

References

^ L. B. Holthuis (1983). "Notes on the genus Enoplometopus, with descriptions of a new subgenus and two new species (Crustacea Decapoda, Axiidae)" (PDF). Zoologische Mededelingen. 56 (22): 281–298, pls. 1–4.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Helmut Debelius (2001). Crustacea: Guide of the World. Frankfurt am Main: IKAN, Unterwasserarchiv. pp. 44–54, 200–205. ISBN 978-3-931702-74-8.
^ Chan, T.Y. & Wahle, R. (2011). "Enoplometopus daumi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T184985A8340177. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T184985A8340177.en.
^ Chan, T.Y. & Wahle, R. (2011). "Enoplometopus gracilipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T185005A8345117. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T185005A8345117.en.
^ T. Y. Chan & R. Wahle (2009). "Version 2011.1". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
^ Michèle de Saint Laurent (1988). "Enoplometopoidea, nouvelle superfamille de Crustacés Décapodes Astacidea". Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. III. 307: 59–62.
^ F. R. Schram & C. J. Dixon (2004). "Decapod phylogeny: addition of fossil evidence to a robust morphological cladistic data set" (PDF). Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum. 31: 1–19.
^ J. Poupin (2003). "Reef lobsters Enoplometopus A. Milne Edwards, 1862 from French Polynesia, with a brief revision of the genus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Enoplometopidae)" (PDF). Zoosystema. 25 (4): 643–664.

[1] L. B. Holthuis (1983). "Notes on the genus Enoplometopus, with descriptions of a new subgenus and two new species (Crustacea Decapoda, Axiidae)" (PDF). Zoologische Mededelingen. 56 (22): 281–298, pls. 1–4.

[Debelius-2] Helmut Debelius (2001). Crustacea: Guide of the World. Frankfurt am Main: IKAN, Unterwasserarchiv. pp. 44–54, 200–205. ISBN 978-3-931702-74-8.

[3] Chan, T.Y. & Wahle, R. (2011). "Enoplometopus daumi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T184985A8340177. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T184985A8340177.en.

[4] Chan, T.Y. & Wahle, R. (2011). "Enoplometopus gracilipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T185005A8345117. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T185005A8345117.en.

[5] T. Y. Chan & R. Wahle (2009). "Version 2011.1". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved October 5, 2011.

[StL-6] Michèle de Saint Laurent (1988). "Enoplometopoidea, nouvelle superfamille de Crustacés Décapodes Astacidea". Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. III. 307: 59–62.

[7] F. R. Schram & C. J. Dixon (2004). "Decapod phylogeny: addition of fossil evidence to a robust morphological cladistic data set" (PDF). Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum. 31: 1–19.

[8] J. Poupin (2003). "Reef lobsters Enoplometopus A. Milne Edwards, 1862 from French Polynesia, with a brief revision of the genus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Enoplometopidae)" (PDF). Zoosystema. 25 (4): 643–664.

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