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Meerut

Coordinates: 28°59′N 77°43′E / 28.98°N 77.71°E / 28.98; 77.71
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(Redirected from History of Meerut)
This article is about the city in Uttar Pradesh, India. For its administrative district, see Meerut district.

Meerut
Mēraṭha
Metropolis[1]
Clockwise from Top: Martyr Memorial, Meerut Clock Tower, Mustafa Castle
Clockwise from Top: Martyr Memorial, Meerut Clock Tower, Mustafa Castle
Meerut is located in Uttar Pradesh
Meerut
Meerut
Meerut is located in India
Meerut
Meerut
Coordinates: 28°59′N 77°43′E / 28.98°N 77.71°E / 28.98; 77.71
Country India
State Uttar Pradesh
DivisionMeerut
DistrictMeerut
Government
 • BodyMeerut Municipal Corporation
 • MayorHarikant Ahluwalia[2] (BJP)
 • Lok Sabha MPArun Govil, (BJP)
 • Divisional CommissionerSelva Kumari J, IAS
 • IG RangePraveen Kumar, IPS
Area
[3]
450 km2 (170 sq mi)
Elevation
247 m (810 ft)
Population
 (2016)[3][4]
1,571,434
 • Density3,500/km2 (9,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
[3][5]
1,871,434
Language
 • OfficialHindi[6]
 • Additional officialUrdu[6]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
250 0xx
Telephone code91- 121- XXXX XXX
Vehicle registrationUP-15
Websitemeerut.nic.in
[7]

Meerut (Hindi pronunciation: [me:rʌʈʰ] ISO: Mēraṭha) is a city in the western region of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Located in the Meerut district, the city is 80 km (80,000 m) northeast of the national capital New Delhi, and is 480 km (300 mi) west of the state capital, Lucknow.[8] Meerut is the second-most populous city in the National Capital Region (NCR), a region centered on Delhi.[9] As of 2024, Meerut is the 34th most populous city in India.[10][11][12]

Meerut rose to prominence in 1803 during the British colonial era, where it was the site of one of colonial India's largest cantonments.[13] The city is famous for being the starting point of the 1857 rebellion against Company rule in India. Known as the "Sports City of India", Meerut is one of the largest producers of sports goods in the country. The city is also known as the largest producer of musical instruments in the country, as well as one of Asia's biggest gold markets. The city is also an education hub in western Uttar Pradesh. It has the 3rd-highest per capita income in the state after Ghaziabad[a]and Gautam Budh Nagar (Noida and Greater Noida).[14]

Meerut has been proposed as the capital of a future state of Harit Pradesh, comprising the western region of Uttar Pradesh, a new separate state. India's first Regional Rapid Transit System Delhi Meerut RRTS is currently being constructed in Meerut. It will be an inter-city high-speed metro corridor.[15] It is also known as the expressway capital of Western Uttar Pradesh, having three different expressways.[16]

Origin of the name

[edit]

The city may have derived its name from 'Mayarashtra' (Sanskrit: मयराष्ट्र), the capital of the kingdom of Mayasura, Mandodari's father and Ravana's father-in-law. This name may have mutated to Mairashtra, Mai-dant-ka-khera, Mairaath and eventually Meerut.[17][18]

According to another version, Maya(sura), being a distinguished architect, received from King Yudhishthira the land on which the city of Meerut now stands and he called this place Maharashtra, a name which over time became shortened to Meerut. Tradition also has it that the city formed a part of the dominions of Mahipala, the king of Indraprastha, and the word Meerut is associated with his name.[19]

History

[edit]

Ancient era

[edit]

In Ramayana, It was known as 'Maydant Ka Kheda', the capital of May Danav. It was hometown of Mandodari, wife of Ravana.[20]

After the archaeological excavations at Vidura-ka-tila, a collection of several mounds named after Vidura, in 1950–52, a site 37 km (23 miles) north-east of Meerut, it was concluded to be remains of the ancient city of Hastinapur, the capital of Kauravas and Pandavas of Mahabharata, which was washed away by Ganges floods.[21][22][23]

Fragment of the 6th Ashoka Pillar in sandstone, with the inscription of Edicts of Ashoka, in Brahmi, originally from Meerut, now on display in the British Museum.[24]

Meerut also contained a Harappan settlement known as Alamgirpur. It was also the easternmost settlement of the Indus Valley civilisation. Meerut had been a centre of Buddhism in the period of Mauryan Emperor Ashoka (r. 273 BC to 232 BC.), and remains of Buddhist structures were found near the Jama Masjid in the present day city.[25] The Ashoka Pillar, at Delhi ridge, next to the ‘Bara Hindu Rao Hospital’, near Delhi University, was carried to Delhi from Meerut, by Firuz Shah Tughluq (r. 1351–1388);[22][26][27] it was later damaged in a 1713 explosion, and restored in 1867.[28]

Muslim conquests

[edit]

In the eleventh century AD, the region to the south-west of the city was ruled by Har Dat, the Dor Raja of Bulandshahr who built a fort, which was long known for its strength and finds mention in Ain-i-Akbari.[29] He was later defeated by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1018, surrendering along with his forces to Mahmud.[30] The prominent local landmark known as the Jama Masjid, dates from this period and is said to have been built by Mahmud's vizir. Shortly after its capture the city was regained by the local Hindu Raja and part of his fortifications, built for the city's defence, survived until recent times.[31] Muhammad of Ghor's mamluk general Qutb-ud-din Aybak who went on to establish the Delhi Sultanate in 1206, attacked and captured Meerut in 1193.[32]

Timur in 1399 attacked and sacked Meerut. It was held by Ilyas Afghan and his son Maula Muhammad Thaneswari who was assisted by non-Muslims led by Safi. Timur tried to negotiate a surrender, to which the inhabitants of the fort replied by stating that Tarmashirin had tried to capture it in the past but failed. Incensed, he set forth with 10,000 cavalry. The forces scaled the walls and Safi was killed in the battle. The inhabitants were killed and their wives and children enslaved. The fortifications and houses were razed to the ground with prisoners ordered to be flayed alive.[33][34]

The city then came under the rule of the Mughal Empire and saw a period of relative tranquility.[35] During the rule of Mughal Emperor, Akbar (r. 1556–1605), there was a mint for copper coins here.[25] Also occurring during the reign of Akbar, Meerut was listed in the Ain-i-Akbari as a pargana under Delhi sarkar, producing a revenue of 4,391,996 dams for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 300 infantry and 100 cavalry.[36]

Main entrance to Kot Fort, Abdullapur built in the early 16th century

Major part of the Meerut was in the control of Sayyid Jagirdars of Abdullapur Meerut from 16th to late 18th century, Sayyed Mir Abdulla Naqvi Al Bukhari built Kot Fort in Abdullapur in 16th century, this place was his main residence.[37][38][39] The descendants of Syed Sadarudin Shah Kabir Naqvi Al Kannauji Bukhari still present in this town, Sadarudin was a chief advisor of Sikandar Lodi and the father of great saint Shah Jewna.[40][41][42][43] Famous Pakistani writer Syed Qudrat Naqvi Al Bukhari was born in Meerut.[44][45][46]

Nawab Mansab Ali Khan was one of the most influential personalities of this city, he built the famous Karbala and Masjid known as Mansabiya in 1882.[47][48]

The city saw Sikh and Maratha invasions in the 18th century, with interruptions by Taga Brahman and Rohillas. Walter Reinhardt, a European soldier, established himself at Sardhana and some parts of the district came under his rule. Upon his death, they came into the hands of Begum Samru. During this time, the southern part of the district had remained under Marathas rule.[49]

Colonial era

[edit]

In 1803, with the fall of Delhi, Daulat Rao Scindia of the Marathas ceded the territory to the British East India Company (EIC). The cantonment of Meerut was set up in 1806 with particular key interests including its closeness to Delhi and its area inside the rich Ganga – Yamuna doab. The city was made headquarters of the eponymous district in 1818.[35][50][51]

1857 Mutineers' Mosque

Meerut is famously associated with the 1857 rebellion against Company rule in India.[52] The famous slogan "Dilli Chalo" ("Let's march to Delhi!") was first spoken in the city, and the Meerut cantonment was the place where the rebellion started.[citation needed]

The revolt, which catapulted Meerut into international prominence, started in March 1857 at Barrackpore, Bengal. Indian sepoy Mangal Pandey shot at two of his commanding officers, missed, made an unsuccessful attempt to commit suicide, and was executed. By April, the fire of Pandey's Uprising scorched north India and reached Meerut, the second-largest East India Company garrison. Here, Europeans and native sepoys were evenly balanced, with a little more than 2,000 on each side. The European cantonment was separated from the Indian one. Close by were Sadar Bazar and Lal Kurti Bazar, the latter named after the red uniforms worn by the Presidency armies. On 24 April 1857, Meerut's commander, Colonel Carmichael Smyth, paraded 90 Indian sepoys of the Bengal Cavalry, most of whom had come from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. He ordered them to fire the new Enfield cartridges- 85 refused. The cartridges were covered with paper that had to be torn off; Muslim soldiers believed the paper was greased with pig fat and Hindus, with cow fat.[53]

All 85 soldiers were stripped of their uniforms, court-martialed; they were all sentenced to a decade in prison. The prisoners, who were upper-class members of a cavalry regiment, were shocked at the harsh sentences handed down to them. On 10 May 1857, Kotwal Dhan Singh Gurjar opened the gates of the prison. These soldiers, along with the other imprisoned soldiers, escaped prison and declared themselves free, mutinied, attacked, and killed several Company officials in the city to bring it under their control. This marked the beginning of a widespread revolt across northern India as these soldiers marched towards Delhi. 10 May is still celebrated as a local holiday in Meerut.[54]

The United Provinces in 1903

Meerut was also the venue of the Meerut Conspiracy Case in March 1929, in which several trade unionists, including three Englishmen, were arrested by the colonial authorities for organising a railway strike action. The case quickly became the subject of attention in England, inspiring a 1932 play titled Meerut Prisoners by left-wing Manchester street theatre group the Red Megaphones, which highlighted the detrimental effects of capitalism and industrialisation.[55] Electricity was first introduced to Meerut in 1931.[50] In the 1940s, during the height of the Indian independence movement, cinema-goers in Meerut had an unofficial policy of refusing to stand up when God Save the Queen played before the film was shown.[citation needed] The last session of the Indian National Congress (INC) before the independence of India in 1947 was held at Victoria Park in Meerut on 26 November 1946. It was in this session that the Constitution-making committee was constituted.[56]

Post-independence era

[edit]

The city and district also suffered from communal (Hindu-Sikh) riots in 1984[57] and (Hindu-Muslim) riots in 1982[58] and in 1987, during which the Hashimpura massacre took place, in May 1987, when personnel of the Provincial Armed Constabulary (PAC) shot dead 42 Muslims, the trial of the case is still pending.[59][60] In 2006, a fire at a consumer electronics "Brand India" fair in Victoria Park Stadium killed at least 100 people, with authorities already confirming 45 fatalities, although a specific figure on a toll was difficult to put and was predicted to be much higher.[61]

Geography

[edit]
For description of the geography of the district, see Meerut district § Geography.

Meerut is the largest city in NCR after Delhi also known as the sports city of India.[citation needed] Meerut lies between the plains of the Ganges and those of the Yamuna. In area, Meerut district covers 2,522 km2 (974 sq mi), which is larger than Delhi (Delhi covers an area of 1,484 km2 [573 sq mi]).

Climate

[edit]
Main article: Climate of Uttar Pradesh

Meerut has a monsoon influenced humid subtropical climate characterised by hot summers and cooler winters. Summers last from early April to late June during and are extremely hot, with temperatures reaching 49 °C (120 °F).[62]

The monsoon arrives in late June and continues till the middle of September. Temperatures drop slightly, with plenty of cloud cover but with higher humidity. Temperatures rise again in October and the city then has a mild, dry winter season from November to the middle of March[62] The lowest temperature ever recorded is −0.4 °C (31.3 °F), recorded on Sunday, 6 January 2013.[63] Rainfall is about 845 millimetres (33 in) per annum, which is suitable for growing crops. Most of the rainfall is received during the monsoon. Humidity varies from 30 to 100%.[62]

Meerut has been ranked 25th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' [64]

Climate data for Meerut (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 29.3
(84.7) 		32.2
(90.0) 		39.5
(103.1) 		43.8
(110.8) 		45.8
(114.4) 		46.1
(115.0) 		46.0
(114.8) 		40.0
(104.0) 		39.0
(102.2) 		38.0
(100.4) 		34.5
(94.1) 		30.0
(86.0) 		46.1
(115.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 19.0
(66.2) 		22.9
(73.2) 		28.7
(83.7) 		36.0
(96.8) 		38.4
(101.1) 		36.6
(97.9) 		33.7
(92.7) 		33.1
(91.6) 		33.1
(91.6) 		32.2
(90.0) 		27.2
(81.0) 		22.0
(71.6) 		30.3
(86.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 6.9
(44.4) 		9.9
(49.8) 		14.2
(57.6) 		19.2
(66.6) 		23.4
(74.1) 		25.4
(77.7) 		25.7
(78.3) 		25.1
(77.2) 		23.5
(74.3) 		17.5
(63.5) 		11.8
(53.2) 		7.8
(46.0) 		17.5
(63.5)
Record low °C (°F) −0.4
(31.3) 		0.1
(32.2) 		5.4
(41.7) 		8.3
(46.9) 		15.4
(59.7) 		17.7
(63.9) 		16.5
(61.7) 		18.5
(65.3) 		15.7
(60.3) 		7.2
(45.0) 		1.8
(35.2) 		0.2
(32.4) 		−0.4
(31.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 20.1
(0.79) 		32.2
(1.27) 		24.2
(0.95) 		15.7
(0.62) 		28.7
(1.13) 		81.9
(3.22) 		226.4
(8.91) 		217.9
(8.58) 		119.1
(4.69) 		16.4
(0.65) 		1.4
(0.06) 		4.9
(0.19) 		788.9
(31.06)
Average rainy days 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.2 2.1 4.4 9.0 9.0 5.4 0.9 0.2 0.5 37.8
Average relative humidity (%) 64 55 48 34 35 51 71 73 69 59 58 62 56
Source: India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2012)[65][66][67][68][69]

Administration

[edit]

General Administration

[edit]

Meerut division which consists of six districts, and is headed by the Divisional Commissioner of Meerut, who is an IAS officer of high seniority, the Commissioner is the head of local government institutions (including Municipal Corporations) in the division, is in charge of infrastructural development in his division.[70][71][72][73][74] The District Magistrate of Meerut reports to the Divisional Commissioner. The current Commissioner is Selva Kumari J.[75][76]

Meerut district administration is headed by the District Magistrate of Meerut, who is an IAS officer. The DM is in charge of property records and revenue collection for the central government and oversees the elections held in the city.[70][77][78][79][80] The district is subdivided into three tehsils, namely Meerut, Mawana and Sardhana, each headed by a Sub-Divisional Magistrate. The tehsils are further divided into 12 blocks.[81] The current District Magistrate of Meerut is Depak Meena.[82]

Police Administration

[edit]

Meerut district comes under Meerut police zone and Meerut police range of Uttar Pradesh Police. Meerut zone is headed by an IPS officer in the rank of Additional Director General of Police (ADG), whereas Meerut range is headed by an IPS officer in the rank of Inspector General of Police (IG). The Current ADG, Meerut Zone is Rajeev Sabharwal,[83] whereas the current IG, Meerut Range is Praveen Kumar.[84]

District Police of Meerut is headed by the Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) who is an IPS officer. He is assisted by four Superintendents of Police (SP)/Additional Superintendent of Police (Addl. SP) (City, Rural Area, Traffic and Crime). The Meerut district is divided into numerous police circles, each headed by a Circle Officer in the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police. SP (Traffic) and SP (Crime) are assisted by one Circle Officer in the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police.[85] The current SSP is Rohit Singh Sajwan.[85]

Infrastructure and Civic Administration

[edit]

The development of infrastructure in the city is overseen by the Meerut Development Authority (MDA), which comes under the Housing Department of Uttar Pradesh government. The Divisional Commissioner of Meerut acts as the ex-officio Chairman of MDA, whereas a vice-chairman, a government-appointed IAS officer, looks after the daily matters of the authority. The current vice-chairman of Meerut Development Authority is Sita Ram Yadav.[86]

The city is administered by Meerut Municipal Corporation, which is responsible for performing civic administrative functions administered by the Municipal Commissioner (PCS Officer) whereas the Mayor is the ceremonial head of the corporation. The current Municipal Commissioner of Meerut Municipal Corporation is Manoj Kumar Chauhan.

Central Government Offices

[edit]

The office of the Chief Commissioner, Customs & Central Excise, Meerut Zone, has jurisdiction over 13 districts of Uttrakhand and 14 districts of Uttar Pradesh. This jurisdiction was carved out of the Lucknow Zone. It comprises the erstwhile Customs & Central Excise Commissioners of Meerut & Noida. The Meerut Commissionerate was bifurcated into two Commissionerates, namely, ‘Meerut-I and Ghaziabad’ and the Noida Commissionerate was bifurcated into ‘Noida and Meerut-II’. In addition, jurisdiction of Central Excise Division Bareilly was included in the jurisdiction of Meerut-II Commissionerate.[87]

CGHS department of Meerut provides comprehensive health care facilities for the central govt employees and pensioners and their dependents residing in this city.

District management

[edit]
  • The Janikhurd Block is established on 1 October 1962.
  • The Rohta block is established on 1 October 1959.
  • The Daurala block is established on 1 October 1962.
  • The Rajpura block is established on 1 October 1959.
  • The Kharkhoda block is established on 1 October 1959.
  • The Mawana block is established on 1 April 1957.
  • The Meerut block is established on 1 April 1957.
  • The Hastinapur block is established on 1 April 1963.
  • The Sardhana block is established on 26 January 1955.
  • The Saroorpur khurd block is established on 1 April 1959.
  • The Machchhara block is established on 1 October 1961.
  • The Parikshitgarh block is established on 1 April 1958.

Demand for High Court Bench in Meerut

[edit]

Almost 54% of all cases reaching the High Court originate from the 22 districts of Western UP. Still, western Uttar Pradesh does not have a High Court. People have to travel 700 km away to Allahabad for hearings. Six high courts (Shimla, Delhi, Jaipur, Chandigarh, Nainital, Jammu) from other states are closer than Allahabad from western Uttar Pradesh.[88]

Western Uttar Pradesh has been advocating to have a high court bench in Meerut so that Western Uttar Pradesh can get justice. Notably, west UP accounts for 51.71% of state GDP.[89]

The Bench in the western part of the state was first proposed by the government in 1955.

Meerut Cantonment

[edit]
Mall Road in Meerut Cantonment

Meerut Cantonment was established by the British East India Company in 1803 after the Battle of Laswari. It is one of the largest cantonments of India both in land area 3,568.06 hectares (35.68 km2) and population of 93684 (civil + military) people as per 2011 census.[90] The Revolt of 1857 started from "Kali Paltan" in Meerut Cantonment and Indian soldiers stationed here actively participated in the rebellion.[8][91] The cantonment surrounds the old city from 3 sides – from Pallavpuram to Sainik Vihar to Ganga Nagar.[92] It is well connected with the rest of country by roads as well as by rail. The Delhi Niti Paas Road (State Highway No. 45) passes through Meerut Cantonment.[91] Meerut cantonment was the divisional headquarters of the 7th (Meerut) Division of the British Indian Army from 1829 to 1920.

Economy

[edit]

Development

[edit]
Atop an under-construction overpass

Meerut is the 63rd-fastest-growing urban area in the world.[93] It is the 14th fastest developing city in India. A June 2011 report by US financial services firm Morgan Stanley gave Meerut the 5th spot on the "vibrancy" index, ahead of Delhi and Mumbai.[94] Meerut ranked second on both the financial penetration index, which measures things like the presence of ATMs and bank branches, and on the consumption index, indicating the city's transformation into an urban town.

While the city ranked in the bottom 10 in job creation, the report suggests that overall there are plenty of signs of "potential for urbanisation," including future employment opportunities.[95] The infrastructure segment of Meerut is currently going through a boom phase with many new projects like Expressways, Metro, Freight corridors coming up in and around the city.[96][97] The Upper Ganga Canal Expressway development has also been completed. On the India City Competitiveness Index, the city ranked 45th in 2010, 37th in 2011and 39th in 2012.[98][99][100]

Meerut is one of the biggest industrial centers in India. It has the largest sports and goods manufacturing in India. It is one of the largest gold markets in Asia. Scissors, metals, and musical instrument manufacturing is also a big market. It is India's largest refined sugar producer.[101]

Meerut is upcoming Logistic Hub in western Uttar Pradesh due to projects like Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor and expressway projects like - Delhi Meerut Expressway, Ganga Expressway, Delhi Meerut RRTS.

Industry

[edit]
The cover of the book Sangeet Puranmal Ka (lit. The Music of Puranmal) by Ramlal. The book was published in 1879 from the city.

Meerut is one of the important industrial towns of western Uttar Pradesh with several traditional and modern industries.[62] It is traditionally known for handloom works and scissors industry.[102] Meerut was one of the first cities in northern India where publishing was set up during the 19th century. It was a major center of commercial publishing during the 1860s and 1870s.[103]

Meerut is a rich agricultural area, being in proximity of Delhi, it is ideal for industry. As of 2011, it is home to 520 micro, small, and medium-scale industries.[104] As of August 2006, Meerut has about 23,471 industrial units, including 15,510 small-scale units and 7,922 cottage industries.[105] Sanspareils Greenlands (SG) and BDM one of India's biggest sports goods manufacturers are based out of Meerut

Existing industries in the city include tyres, textiles, transformers, sugar, distillery, chemical, engineering, paper, publishing, and sports goods manufacturing.[102][106][104] Prospective industries include IT and ITES, Logistics.[107]

Uttar Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation (UPSIDC) has two industrial estates in the city, namely Partapur and Udyog Puram.[108][109]

Transport

[edit]

Road

[edit]
Delhi–Meerut Expressway
Delhi Meerut Expressway

Meerut is well-connected by road to major cities like Delhi, Noida, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Haridwar, Bulandshahr, etc. A large number of people commute to Delhi, Noida, Greater Noida, and Ghaziabad every day for work.[110]

Three national highways (NH-58, NH-119 & NH-235) and two Expressways pass through Meerut. The Delhi–Meerut Expressway - a 90 km long controlled-access expressway connects Meerut with Delhi via Dasna in Ghaziabad district. Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone for the expressway on 31 December 2015, and the expressway was completed and opened for public on 1 April 2021, also an under construction Ganga Expressway.[111]

There are 2 main bus terminals, namely Bhainsali bus terminal and Sohrab Gate bus terminal from where Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (UPSRTC) buses ply to cities all over the state and all nearby cities. A JNNURM scheme was put in place.[112] Low Floor City Buses (under JNNURM),[citation needed] Normal City Buses, auto rickshaws and rickshaws are convenient public transport options to commute within the city.[113]

Many new transport infrastructure projects like the inner ring road, outer ring road and construction of new flyovers are proposed and being made as well.[114] The under-construction Ganga Expressway will start from Meerut till Allahabad, and in the future, it will be extended from Meerut to Haridwar. Other expressways that will pass nearby Meerut are the Upper Ganga Canal Expressway, Delhi–Saharanpur–Dehradun Expressway and Gorakhpur–Shamli Expressway.

Railways

[edit]

Meerut lies on the Delhi–Meerut–Saharanpur line,[115] and has four railway stations: Meerut City, Meerut Cantt., Partapur and Pabli Khas. Meerut City railway station is the busiest. The railway line between Delhi and Meerut was constructed in 1864,[50] and the Meerut Cantt. station, which serves as a secondary railway station, was founded in 1865.

About 20,000 passengers travel daily to Delhi and back.[116] Around 27 pairs of trains run between Meerut and Delhi, and four between Meerut and Khurja. Two trains are available for Lucknow daily, namely Nauchandi Express and Rajya Rani Express. A weekly train goes to Chennai and Kochuveli. Daily trains connect Meerut to Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Rajkot and many cities in other states.[citation needed]

Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor

[edit]

Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor or Eastern DFC is an broad gauge freight corridor in India. The railway will run between Ludhiana in Punjab and Dankuni (near Kolkata) in West Bengal via Meerut and Khurja in Uttar Pradesh.

Apart from this Delhi Meerut RRTS (RapidX) will also be used for inter-city cargo movement. Vinay Kumar Singh, managing director of NCRTC said, “During non-peak hours, the ridership would be low, so we can use the time to move cargo, including perishable goods.”[117]

Uttar Pradesh government has allocated land for building a large logistic hub in Modipuram region of Uttar Pradesh.[118]

Metro project

[edit]
Main article: Meerut Metro

On 30 December 2014, the Uttar Pradesh Cabinet approved the proposed metro rail project in Meerut, to boost the urban mass transport infrastructure in the city. The state government nominated RITES Limited and Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation (UPMRC) to prepare the respective detailed project report (DPR) and as a coordinator, respectively. The development authorities are nodal agencies for the DPR.[119]

The metro project got approval from the divisional commissioner. It was decided in the meeting that the project would be along two corridors, by dividing the project into two phases–Phase I from Partapur to Pallavpuram, and Phase II from Rajban Market to Gokalpur village. The main stations on the first corridor in the first phase will be Partapur, Panchwati Enclave, Rithani, Rithani West, Shatabdi Nagar, Devlok, Madhavpuram, Meerut Railway Station Road, Lajpat Bazaar, Begampul, Gandhi Bagh, Lekha Nagar, Pallavpuram Dorli, Ansal City and Pallavpuram. While in the second phase, the corridor in the Partapur-Pallavpuram route will cover 20 km and will have a total number of 18 stations in between, the 10 km-long route from Rajban Market to Gokalpur village will have nine stations.[120]

Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS)

[edit]
Main article: Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System
Meerut Metro Trainset

The NCR Transport Plan 2021 proposed a rail-based mass transit system, called the Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) between Delhi to Meerut, with the Shahdara-Ghaziabad section scheduled for construction during 2001-11, and the Ghaziabad-Meerut section scheduled for 2011–21.[121]

In September 2010, the RRTS was reported to be proposed between Anand Vihar and Meerut with the project in its initial stages. The cost was projected to be around ₹1,000 crore (US$120 million) with the expected time of the journey being 45 minutes.[122] In November 2010, the train speed was proposed to be between 130 and 160 kmph, with stations at Anand Vihar, Sahibabad, Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad, Guldhar, Duhai, Moradnagar, Modinagar, Meerut South, Shatabdi Nagar, Meerut Centre, Begumpul, Meerut North, Pallavpuram being the stops.[123]

On 14 December 2010, the NCR Planning Board, Meerut Development Authority (MDA), and Meerut Municipal Corporation approved the project.[124] In August 2011, it was reported that the project tender had been awarded to Delhi Integrated Multi-Modal Transit System (DIMTS). The proposed system was to have dedicated trains between Anand Vihar and Meerut, with no stops in between, and trains that will stop at stations will be constructed after a gap of 4–5 km. The reported stations were Anand Vihar, Vaishali, Mohan Nagar, Meerut Road (Airtel Cut), Morta, Duhai, Muradnagar, Gang Nahar, Modinagar, Mohiuddinpur, Meerut Bypass Cut and Pallavpuram, with completion expected in 2017. The track between Anand Vihar to Dabur was proposed to be underground with the rest of the track overhead.[125]

On 11 July 2013, the Union Cabinet of India approved the formation of the National Capital Region Transport Corporation Limited (NCRTCL), with a seed capital of ₹100 crore (US$12 million). The corporation will take up the construction of the 90 km-long Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut corridor on a priority basis (along with two other corridors) with planned completion in 2016.[126] It was reported that the Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) for the three corridors were under the process of finalisation.[127]

In December 2013, problems were reported in the proposed alignment of the Delhi-Meerut corridor.[128] In January 2014, it was reported that the proposed alignment had to be changed due to objections by NHAI and the feasibility report had to be prepared again. The new proposed alignment increased the length from 90 km to 106 km.[129]

In March 2018, the project's construction was started after the foundation stone was laid by Prime Minister, Narendra Modi.[130] As of 2023, the alignment is 82 km (51 mi) long, and the 17-km first stretch, as the priority corridor, from Sahibabad to Duhai is almost completed, and will be opened by March 2023, while the next stretch till South Meerut will be completed by the first quarter of 2024. The entire corridor will be completed by March 2025.[131][132][133]

Air

[edit]

The nearest airport is Hindon Airport at Ghaziabad, located 64 km (40 mi) away, while the major airport, Indira Gandhi International Airport at Delhi is about 100 km (62 mi) away.

The Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar Airport is located at Partapur. It was proposed by the state government that the airstrip be converted to an international airport to reduce pressure on Delhi Airport.[134] However, plans to expand the Domestic airport were called off after protests against land acquisition started in other parts of the state.[135] Following an accident in May 2012, the city administration barred private flights from using the airstrip.[136]

The city has long demanded an airport. However, the government has stalled the project multiple times due to land acquisition reasons and project costs. Even Ajit Singh, the minister of civil aviation announced the project but still, the project was not completed.

BJP MP Rajendra Agarwal met Civil Aviation Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia minister promised that the Ministry of Civil Aviation will begin running the airport as soon as the Uttar Pradesh government satisfied the demand for land.

As of October 2023, the project is awaiting approval for land acquisition from Uttar Pradesh Government.[137]

Expressways

[edit]

Since Meerut has a very favourable location for industries and is suitable for being a logistics hub, it has many expressways like Delhi Meerut Expressway, Ganga Expressway. It also is nearby (within 30 miles) of other expressways like Delhi Mumbai Expressway, Yamuna Expressway, KMP Expressway, and Eastern Peripheral Expressway.

Demographics

[edit]
See also: Meerut district § Demographics
Religions in Meerut City (2011)[138]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 61.15%
Islam
 
 36.05%
Jainism
 
 0.92%
Sikhism
 
 0.60%
Christian
 
 0.41%
Others†
 
 0.96%
Distribution of religions
†Includes Buddhists (<0.09%).

According to the 2011 census, the Meerut Urban Agglomeration (Meerut UA) has a population of around 1.42 million,[5] (comparable to the kingdom of Bahrain or Trinidad and Tobago) with the municipality contributing roughly 1.31 million of it.[4] The Meerut Urban Agglomeration consists of area falling under Meerut Municipal Corporation, Meerut Cantonment Board and 4 census towns of Sindhawali, Amehra Adipur, Aminagar Urf Bhurbaral and Mohiuddinpur.[139][140] This makes Meerut the 33rd most populous urban agglomeration and the 28th most populous city in India. The sex ratio in Meerut UA is 897, lower than the state average of 908; while the child sex ratio is 895, lower than the state average of 899. 12.99% of the population is under 6 years of age.[140] The overall literacy rate is 88.29%, higher than the state average of 69.72%.[5][141] In Meerut Municipal Corporation, 83.78% of the population spoke Hindi and 15.25% Urdu as their first language.[142]

As of 2017, Meerut ranks 328 (based on population), 189 (based on population density), 648 (based on built-up area) among world's urban areas.[143]

According to the 2001 census, the city ranked 2nd in terms of population in NCR[144] and 25th in India.[145]

Demographics of Meerut Metropolitan area (Meerut UA) (Census 2011, updated)[140]
Metropolis City/Town/Village [i] Population Sex Ratio Literacy Rate[ii]
Male Female Total Male Female Total
Meerut UA Meerut (CB) 53024 40288 93,312 760 87.99% 79.48% 84.33%
Meerut (M Corp.) 688118 617311 1,305,429 897 80.97% 69.79% 75.66%
Mohiuddinpur (CT) 2811 2389 5,200 850 89.17% 69.63% 80.13%
Aminagar Urf Bhurbaral (CT) 3314 2827 6,141 853 91.01% 69.68% 81.02%
Amehra Adipur (CT) 2844 2641 5,485 929 85.68% 68.05% 77.14%
Sindhawali (CT) 2782 2553 5,335 918 79.92% 64.44% 72.53%
Meerut UA - Total 752,893 668,009 1,420,902 887 81.57 % 70.36 % 76.28 %
  1. ^ M Corp. = Municipal Corporation, NP = Nagar panchayat, NPP = Nagar Palika Parishad, CB = Cantonment Board, CT = Census Town
  2. ^ For literacy rate, the population aged 7 and above only is considered in India.
Historical Population Statistics[29][50][146][b]
Year Male Female Total Growth
1847 NA NA 29,014
1853 NA NA 82,035 182.74%
1872 NA NA 81,386 -0.79%
1881 NA NA 99,565 22.34%
1891 NA NA 119,390 19.91%
1901 65,822 (55.53%) 52,717 (44.47%) 118,539 -0.71%
1911 66,542 (57.05%) 50,089 (42.95%) 116,631 -1.6%
1921 71,816 (58.57%) 50,793 (41.43%) 122,609 5.12%
1931 80,073 (58.57%) 56,636 (41.43%) 136,709 11.49%
1941 98,829 (58.38%) 70,461 (41.62%) 169,290 23.83%
1951 133,094 (57.08%) 100,089 (42.92%) 233,183 37.74%
1961 157,572 (55.48%) 126,425 (44.52%) 283,997 21.79%
  1. ^ Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation is divided into five zones: City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone, and Vasundhara Zone
  2. ^ Includes municipality and cantonment populations
Meerut Urban Agglomeration (Meerut UA) Population Statistics[a]
Year Male Female Total Growth rate Sex ratio[b]
2001[147] 621,481 (53.50%) 540,235 (46.50%) 1,161,716 NA NA
2011[5][140][c] 752,893 (52.99%) 668,009 (47.01%) 1,420,902 22.31% 887
  1. ^ For Meerut Urban Agglomeration, includes municipality and cantonment populations and 4 census towns of Sindhawali, Amehra Adipur, Aminagar Urf Bhurbaral and Mohiuddinpur.
  2. ^ In females per 1000 males
  3. ^ Provisional Data was revised and finalized when govt. updated 2011 census data on 20 May 2013.
Literacy Rate (Percentage)
Year Male Female Total
2001[148] 65.22 53.17 59.62
2011[140][5] 83.74 (+18.52) 72.19 (+19.02) 78.29 (+18.67)
2021[75][5] 95.24 (+11.5) 84.69 (+12.5) 90.29 (+12)
Crime Rate in Meerut (Total cognisable crimes under IPC per lakh population)
Year Rate in Meerut Rate in UP Rate in India
2011[149] 305.5 97.8 192.2
2012[150] 309.1 96.4 196.7
2013[151] 368.5 108.4 215.5
2014[152][153] 430.9 113.2 229.2
2015[154][155] 408.6 112.1 234.2

Culture

[edit]
Mustafa Castle was built in 1900

Most traditional Indian festivals, including Holi, Dussehra, Diwali, Eid among others are celebrated with fervor in the city. Notably, a fair by the name of Nauchandi Fair is held two weeks after Holi every year.[156] The fair, which started in 1672,[157] continues for about 15 days and is attended by lakhs of people. It includes events such as poetry recitations in Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi etc.[158]

Meerut is the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Meerut Diocese, which covers the districts of Meerut, Muzaffarnagar, Saharanpur, Dehradun, Haridwar, Moradabad, Rampur, Jyotiba Phule Nagar, Ghaziabad, Baghpat and Dhampur Tehsil of Bijnor district.[159]

Nauchandi Mela (Fair)

[edit]
Main article: Nauchandi Mela
One of the entrance gates of Nauchandi mela ground at Meerut.

The Nauchandi Mela is an annual fair held at Nauchandi Ground in Meerut.[160][161] The fair stretches for about a month and is organized by the Municipal Corporation of Meerut. It generally starts from the second Sunday after Holi.[160] The main exhibits are the artistic and religious rituals followed in rustic Uttar Pradesh. The fair witnesses more than 50,000 visitors every year. The Indian Railways' Nauchandi Express train is named after this fair.

The fair has a prominent history dating back several hundreds of years. It started in the year 1672 AD as a one-day cattle trading fair. The fair has been held every year, excluding 1858, the year after 1857 revolt, which started from Meerut.[162]

Since then cattle trading has been replaced by many other activities. The fair feature shops for Lucknow's Chikan work, Moradabad's brassware, Varanasi's carpets, rugs and silk sarees, Agra's footwear, Meerut's leather items, etc. Meerut's own products like sports goods, scissors, gajaks,[what language is this?] nan-khatai[what language is this?] are also sold.[161] Giant rides, wheels, circus, and various other recreational arenas where artists perform stunts, remain a big attraction of the fair.[163]

Film and television

[edit]

Meerut is home to a film industry, which has a following in Western Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. The films are usually folklore stories, comedies, or localised versions of Bollywood hits.[164] The films which have been shot here include Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety, Zero, and Rajma Chawal.

Notable people from Meerut in the film and television industry include Bharat Bhushan, Aziz Mian, Mandakini,[165] Achint Kaur,[166][167] Kailash Kher,[168] Chitrangada Singh,[167][169] Vishal Bhardwaj,[167] Deepti Bhatnagar[167][169][170] and Pravesh Rana.[171]

Education

[edit]
Main article: List of educational institutions in Meerut district
Chaudhary Charan Singh University

Meerut is an education hub of Western Uttar Pradesh with about four or five universities, approximately 50 engineering colleges, 23 management colleges, seven pharmacy colleges, four colleges offering hotel management, one college offering fashion design, over 150 academic colleges, and over 50 schools. The city is home to Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Shobhit Institute of Engineering & Technology and IIMT University. The city has one government-run engineering college, Sir Chhotu Ram Institute of Engineering and Technology, a constituent college of Chaudhary Charan Singh University. There are schools affiliated with recognized boards such as ICSE, CBSE, IB, and the state board. St. Mary's Academy, Meerut (a Patrician Brothers school) is a nationally top-ranked boys' school. St. John's Sr. Sec School (established by Begum Samru) which is over 130 years old, also the first IB school in Uttar Pradesh was Vidya Global School.

Shobhit Institute of Engineering & Technology is the only Deemed-to-be University in Meerut district. It was notified in 2006 by the Ministry of HRD, Government of India u/s 3 of UGC Act 1956

IIMT Engineering College which is now called IIMT University is the oldest engineering institute in Meerut district. It was established in 1997.

Chaudhary Charan Singh University (CCSU) is a public and state university that has many degree colleges affiliated with it. They fall into two divisions: Saharanpur and Meerut with nine districts including Saharanpur, Meerut, Muzaffarnagar, Ghaziabad ,Shamli, Gautam Budh Nagar, Bagpat, Hapur and Bulandshahr administered by Vice-Chancellor and Registrar (PCS officer). The Indian Film and Television Institute is located at the western bypass of the city. The city has three medical colleges: Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College, Subharti Medical College and Mulayam Singh Yadav Medical College & Hospital.

Notable Schools

[edit]

Media

[edit]

Meerut is becoming a media centre, as journalists from all over Uttar Pradesh and other Indian states are working in Meerut. Radio stations shared with Delhi are Radio City 91.1 MHz, Big FM 92.7 MHz, Red FM 93.5 MHz, Radio One 94.3 MHz, Hit 95 (95 MHz), Radio Mirchi 98.3 MHz, AIR FM Rainbow 102.6 MHz, Meow FM 104.8 MHz, AIR FM Gold 106.4 MHz. Radio IIMT (90.4 MHz) is the only radio station located in the city. The Hindi-language daily newspapers Hindustan (newspaper), Rajasthan Patrika, Dainik Jagran,[172] Amar Ujala, Dainik Janwani, The Hindu, Rashtrasewa, Dainik Jagran iNext are published from the city. The English daily Times of India, Meerut edition[173] and the English language supplement HT City, Meerut with Hindustan Times is also published there. Moneymakers, an English daily is also published there. Asian Express, Hindi newspaper, and news magazine Citizen of the World are also published there.

Sports industries

[edit]

Meerut is one of the prominent centre in the country besides Jalandhar for the manufacture of sports goods.[174] There are numerous sports companies in the city especially for cricket namely SS, SF, SG, RM Sports,[175] BDM, GEM etc. Players like MS Dhoni, Virender Sehwag, Yuvraj Singh, Kieron Pollard, Virat Kohli, Kumar Sangakkara and many others have used bats made in Meerut.[176] 40,000-capacity Kailash Prakash Stadium is located in Meerut.

Tourist destinations

[edit]
Ashtapad Jain temple, Hastinapur NCR
Augarnath Temple at 2nd Navratri night
Statue of Mangal Pandey at Martyr's Memorial

Tourist destinations in and around Meerut include:

  • Digamber Jain Bada Mandir Hastinapur – Located on the banks of the old ravine of the Ganges, Hastinapur NCR is considered one of the holiest places on earth by Jains. It is believed to be the birthplace of three Jain Tirthankaras. There are many ancient Jain temples in Hastinapur NCR. Shri Digamber Jain Mandir, Jambudweep, Kailash Parvat Rachna, and Shwetambar Jain Temple are the main and famous temples in Hastinapur NCR. Apart from Jain temples, Pandeshwar temple, Historical Gurdwara, and Hastinapur Sanctuary are worth being seen.[177]
  • Government Freedom Struggle Museum and Shaheed Smarak - Government Freedom Struggle Museum, Meerut was established in 1997. It is located in the Shaheed Smarak compound on Delhi Road, about 6 km north-east of the city railway station and at a distance of about 200 meters from the Delhi Bus Station. Visitors can stay in various guesthouses, private lodges, and hotels. The museum's main aim is the collection, preservation, documentation, and exhibition of cultural property and to make it available for educational activities as well as for the creation of awareness about our glorious past. Some postal stamps, pictures, postcards, memorial coins related to the events of 1857, and later coins are also in the collection of the museum. The museum is in the developing stages and efforts are being made to collect more specimens. The museum organises educational programs such as lectures, seminars, and competitions related to history, culture, philosophy, the freedom struggle, and religion. It also aims to coordinate with other cultural and educational organizations for disseminating Indian culture, particularly the events related to the long-drawn freedom struggle of India.[178]
  • Shahi Jama Masjid – The Jama Masjid was built by Hasan Mahdi, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi's Wazir (=Chief Minister) in 1019 AD (older than the Qutb Minar).[21][179] It is considered the first Masjid in North India.[180] Although it was restored by Humayun,[21][179] it is one of the oldest mosques in India. Some believe that the first North Indian Mosque is Quwwat/Qubbat ul Islam in Delhi and then Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra in Ajmer.
  • St. John's Church – This church was established by Chaplain the Reverend Henry Fisher on behalf of the East India Company in 1819 in the cantonment area and was completed in 1822.[21][157] It is considered one of the oldest churches in North India. The Church was dedicated to the people by Bishop Wilson. It has a seating capacity of 10,000 people.[21] During the War of 1857, this church was the scene of heavy fighting between Indian and British forces.[181]
  • Augarnath Temple – This temple (also known as Kalipaltan Mandir locally) is located at the site where the soldiers of the War of 1857 planned their operations. The temple also houses a memorial built to honour the martyrs of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The old temple has been replaced by a modern version.[182]
  • Mansabiya Karbala – Mansabiya's Mosque and Karbala was built by Nawab Mansab Ali Khan in 1882.[47]
  • Martyr's Memorial (Shaheed Smarak): The memorial is a 30 metres (98 feet) high pillar of marble situated at Bhainsali. Functions are organised at the memorial around the national holidays of India.[23] The memorial complex also houses the Government Freedom Struggle Museum which is dedicated to the first war of Indian independence.[183]
An entrance to Gandhi Bagh

Other places of interest include Mansa Devi Temple, Baleni, Basilica of Our Lady of Graces, Sardhana and the Chandi Devi Temple which was built by Holkar queen Devi Ahiliyabai Holkar.[21][23]

Notable people

[edit]

Indian Rebellion of 1857

[edit]

Films and music

[edit]

Kings and monarchs

[edit]

Politics

[edit]

Sports

[edit]

Scholars

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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