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Ukita Hideie

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In this Japanese name, the surname is Ukita.
Ukita Hideie
宇喜多 秀家
Head of Ukita clan
In office
1582–1600
Preceded byUkita Naoie
Succeeded byUkita Hidetaka
Personal details
Born1572
Bizen Province, Japan
Died17 December 1655(1655-12-17) (aged 82–83)
Hachijōjima, Japan
SpouseGōhime
Parent
RelativesMaeda Toshiie (father-in-law)
Toyotomi Hideyoshi (adopted father, father-in-law)
Ukita Tadaie (uncle)
Military service
Allegiance Toyotomi clan
Western Army
RankDaimyo
Unit Ukita clan
CommandsOkayama Castle
Battles/warsKyushu Campaign (1587)
Siege of Odawara (1590)
Korean Campaign (1592-1598)
Battle of Sekigahara (1600)

Ukita Hideie (宇喜多 秀家, 1572 – December 17, 1655) was the daimyō of Bizen and Mimasaka Provinces (modern Okayama Prefecture), and one of the council of Five Elders appointed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.[1] Son of Ukita Naoie, he married Gōhime, a daughter of Maeda Toshiie. Having fought against Tokugawa Ieyasu in the Battle of Sekigahara he was exiled to the island prison of Hachijō-jima, where he died.

Biography

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Ukita Hideie hata-jirushi, banner

Hideie's father Ukita Naoie was daimyō of Bizen province and initially opposed, but later sided with Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi.[2] Naoie died in 1581, and Hideie became the head of the Ukita clan. As Hideie was still young (10 years old), it was Hideie's uncle (Ukita Tadaie) who acted as leader of the Ukita army until Hideie coming of age, in particular, Tadaie served on behalf of Hideie as a commander in numerous battles (under Toyotomi Hideyoshi). However, during the siege of Bitchū Takamatsu Castle in 1582, Nobunaga was assassinated on June 2 of that year, but the siege continued until the castle fell two days later. Hideyoshi raced back to Kyoto, leaving the Ukita clan in charge of Bizen, Mimasaka and newly taken parts of Bitchū Province. The Ukita were also to keep watch on Mōri Terumoto to the west.

In 1585, Hideie's forces under Ukita Tadaie led 23,000 men Toyotomi's forces in the Shikoku campaign against Chosokabe Motochika.[3]

In 1586, Hideie was married to Hideyoshi's adopted daughter, Gōhime. (She had been adopted by Hideyoshi from Maeda Toshiie).[4] Later, He participated in the Kyushu Conquest in 1587.

In 1590, Hideie joined Hideyoshi's military campaigns in the Odawara campaign against Hōjō Ujimasa.

Following the unification of Japan under Hideyoshi, in 1592, Hideyoshi appointed Hideie as field marshal at First Korean campaigns, he command "Reserves Division".

Later in 1597, Hideie became a "Chief Commander Army of the Left" in the Second Korean campaigns, returning in 1598 to serve as one of Hideyoshi's five counselors (Council of Five Elders) along with Maeda Toshiie, Uesugi Kagekatsu, Mōri Terumoto, and Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Ukita clan riot

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In 1599, a riot occurred within the Ukita clan, as several of Ukita clan vassals such as Togawa tatsuyasu,[5] Sadatsuna Oka, and others rebelled against Hideie.[6] The reason was Hideie's favoritism towards Nakamura Jirobe, which further escalates into an armed rebellion which even Hideie could not resolve.[6]

In response, Sakakibara Yasumasa and Ōtani Yoshitsugu, were appointed as inspectors to mediate this incident. In the end, Yasumasa successfully reconciled the case, and the armed riot was resolved without bloodshed.[7] However, the aftermath of this incident caused many of Hideie retainers to defect from Hideie's clan.[6] Some retainers, such as Sakazaki Naomori, changed their allegiance into the master of Yasumasa, which is Ieyasu Tokugawa. These defections caused massive setback for the Ukita clan politically and militarily while strengthening the Tokugawa clan.[7]

Battle of Sekigahara

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Main article: Battle of Sekigahara

After Hideyoshi died in 1598, leaving his five-year-old son Hideyori as his successor and Tokugawa Ieyasu moved to take control. As he was very close to Hideyoshi, Ukita naturally sided with the Toyotomi loyalists under Ishida Mitsunari (the Western army). He took 17,000 men to fight in the Battle of Sekigahara. In the field, his army fought against Fukushima Masanori, what is said to have been one of the bloodiest confrontations in the Sekigahara battle. In early battle, Ukita's troops were winning the battle and pushing back Masanori's army, however, being unaware that his allies stationed nearby had made a secret deal with the enemy, his momentum was halted, when his allies attacked and together with turncoats. Later, Masanori's army took control of, and eastern army won the battle.

One of the defectors, Kobayakawa Hideaki, was granted Okayama Castle and surrounding Ukita territories by the Tokugawa as a reward for his betrayal, which is believed to have been the decisive factor in the Tokugawa victory. Hideie was angered by the betrayal and initially intended to hunt down Kobayakawa for a man-to-man duel but was stopped by his advisors. After escaping the battle, he went into hiding in Satsuma Province where his former allies protected him for several years.

Exile

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In 1603 however, Shimazu Tadatsune informed the Tokugawa shogunate of Hideie's location. Tadatsune and Hideie's relative Maeda Toshinaga, however, negotiate with Ieyasu and he escaped the death penalty, and he was confined in Mt. Kuno in Suruga Province instead. Later, he was forced to appear before Tokugawa himself where he was sentenced to exile on the island of Hachijō-jima, along with several supporters, including his two sons. Gohime, (Hideie's wife) sought refuge with the Maeda clan and was able to correspond and send gifts (rice, sake, clothing) to her husband and sons from there.

Hideie eventually outlived his wife and all of the Sengoku Jidai era samurai except Sanada Nobuyuki. He was offered a conditional pardon after Ieyasu's death, but declined and never returned to the mainland. His wife had died, the Toyotomi were defeated, there was no place to return to, his sons had fathered children on Hachijojima, and the Shogunate was to be inherited by members of the Tokugawa clan.

There is no evidence to suggest that Hideie fathered any further children himself, but many of his sons' descendants emigrated back to the Japanese mainland when a full pardon was granted at the end of the Edo era.

Family

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Notes

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  1. ^ Kodansha. (1983). "Ukita Hideie", in Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan, Vol. 8, pp. 137–138.
  2. ^ "朝日日本歴史人物事典「宇喜多直家」の解説". kotobank. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
  3. ^ Turnbull, Stephen (1998). The Samurai Sourcebook. London: Cassell & Co. p. 236. ISBN 9781854095237.
  4. ^ "朝日日本歴史人物事典「宇喜多秀家」の解説". kotobank. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
  5. ^ "2". 日本戦史‧関原役: 第五篇 [Japanese War History‧Sekihara Role: Part 5].[1]
  6. ^ a b c Yasumasa Onishi (2019). 「豊臣政権の貴公子」宇喜多秀家 [Noble Prince of the Toyotomi Administration Hideie Ukita]. 角川新書. KADOKAWA.
  7. ^ a b 大西泰正 (2010). 豊臣期の宇喜多氏と宇喜多秀家 (in Japanese). 岩田書院. p. 99. ISBN 9784872946123. Retrieved 10 May 2024.

References

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