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Hadleigh, Suffolk

Coordinates: 52°02′43″N 0°57′30″E / 52.04528°N 0.95833°E / 52.04528; 0.95833
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Hadleigh
St Mary's Church and Deanery Tower
Hadleigh is located in Suffolk
Hadleigh
Hadleigh
Location within Suffolk
Population8,253 (2011)[1]
OS grid referenceTM0342
Civil parish
  • Hadleigh
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townIPSWICH
Postcode districtIP7
Dialling code01473
PoliceSuffolk
FireSuffolk
AmbulanceEast of England
UK Parliament
Websitevisithadleighsuffolk.co.uk
List of places
UK
England
Suffolk
52°02′43″N 0°57′30″E / 52.04528°N 0.95833°E / 52.04528; 0.95833

Hadleigh (/ˈhædli/) is an ancient market town and civil parish in the Babergh district of Suffolk, England. The town is situated next to the River Brett, between the larger towns of Sudbury and Ipswich. It had a population of 8,253 at the 2011 census.[1] The headquarters of Babergh District Council were located in the town until 2017.[2][3]

Origin of the name

[edit]

Skeat, in his 1913 The Place-Names of Suffolk, says this:

Spelt Hadlega, R.B.; Hadleigh, Ipm.; Hædleage, in a late chapter, Thorpe, Diplomat, 527; Headlega, Annals of St Neot, quoted in Plummer's ed. of the A.S.Chronicle, ii. 102; Hetlega, D.B., p.184. In D.B. the t stands for th; and the true A.S. form appears in a Worcs. charter, dated 849, as hæðleage(gen.) with reference to Headley Heath (a tautological name) in Birch, C.S. ii. 40; see Duignan, Placenames of Worcs. The sense is 'heath-lea.' In a similar way the A.S. ð has become t in Hatfield (Herts.) which means 'heath-field'.[4]

History

[edit]

Guthrum, King of the Danes, is said to be buried in the grounds of St Mary's Church in the town.[5] He was defeated by King Alfred at the battle of Edington in 878.[6]

The first documented lord of the manor was ealdorman Byrhtnoth, who was killed at the Battle of Maldon in 991. Hadleigh received its market charter in 1252 and had a grammar school by 1275. The manor of Hadleigh, along with those of Lawling in Essex and Monks Eleigh in Suffolk, were among those given to the Priory Church of Canterbury Cathedral. It made Hadleigh an "archiepiscopal peculiar" – under the direct control of the Archbishop of Canterbury.[7]

Hadleigh was a moderately-sized town, with a reckoned population of about 1,100 or 1,200 in 1306. At that time there were 118 "unfree tenants", who had to pay rent and provide labour services, and 75 "free tenants" who had had fewer obligations and dues. The manor had 2,000 acres (810 ha). The manor was a working farm, with crops and some animals, and had quite an important dairy. Hadleigh Hall was the site of the medieval manor house, in 4 acres (1.6 ha).[7]

It has been suggested by Woods (2018) that Wat Tyler and his wife were Hadleigh tenants about 20 years before he was one of the leaders of the 1381 Peasants' Revolt. Records show a Wat Tyler taking over a freeholding in Coram Street in 1358–59 and it is possible he worked as a tiler.[7][8]

In 1438, administration was passed from manorial control to trustees. The market was eventually sold to Babergh District Council in the late 20th century.[6]

Hadleigh was one of the East Anglian towns that derived its prosperity from its wool and cloth industries. It has a 15th-century timber-framed Guildhall and many fine examples of timber and brick listed buildings, some with highly detailed 17th century plasterwork or "pargeting". Most of these buildings can be found in the High Street, Angel Street, Benton Street and George Street.

The Market House
The New Town Hall

The Guildhall buildings are, in fact, formed of three separate structures, all of which lie to the south of the churchyard: the Market House, the Guilds Halls and the New Town Hall (Grand Hall). They are located on land that belonged originally to the manor of Toppesfield Hall. In 1252, king Henry III of England granted a weekly market and an annual fair to Gilbert de Kirkeby, his wife Lauretta and their heirs. By 1438, the Lord of the Manor was William de Clopton, who granted these rights, to fifteen trustees, with an initial annual payment of 6s 8d. In 1438, the Hadleigh Market Feoffment was formed, to manage the market and buildings. The oldest part of the complex, the Market House, fronts the churchyard. Later the Guilds Halls were built and the final addition was the New Town Hall. Abutting the Market House to the west was the 'Long Hall newly built' (1438), which appears to have been the home of the Grammar School, the earliest record of which is dated 7 May 1382. Its last use was as almshouses and accommodation for the Dean's servants; but it was seriously damaged in a storm in 1884 and was demolished.[9]

In 1894 Hadleigh became an urban district which became part of the administrative county of West Suffolk in 1889, the district contained the parish of Hadleigh.[10] On 1 April 1974 the district and parish were abolished and became part of Babergh district in the non-metropolitan county of Suffolk.[11] A successor parish was formed covering the same area as the former district and its parish.[12]

The parish has a total of 246 listed buildings.[13] Of these, four are Grade I: the grouping of St Mary's Church, the Deanery Tower, the Guildhall, and the Coffee Tavern in the High Street. Twenty-seven are II*. Hugh Pigot, curate of Hadleigh, identifies four 'remarkable' houses in his 1866 history of the town:[14] Sun Court; a house in the High St;[15] a house in George Street; and Place Farm (demolished). The house in George Street has since been identified as a hall house, known as Thorpes in the 1600s, and dated to 1380–1420.[16] It was restored by Mr and Mrs Baines and given a Noel Turner Award by the Hadleigh Society in 2012.[17]

Pargeting at 81, High Street

The Georgian East House, on George Street, is designated a Grade II* listed building.[18] In March 2013, plans by Babergh District Council to redevelop the site and build houses on the land behind were withdrawn after strong local protest. The property was once used for community activities and the Kray twins were billeted at the property during the Second World War.[19] Opponents of the plan had argued that the adjacent land had been used as a village green for the previous 20 years.[20] In 2018, the building was renovated into two private homes: East House and West Lodge by period property restorers Richard Abel and Ruth McCabe-Abel. The couple were awarded the Noel Turner Award by the Hadleigh Society in 2019 for their sympathetic restoration of East House and West Lodge.[21]

Originating in the 14th century, the Grade II* listed Toppesfield Bridge, over the River Brett, is the oldest in the county still carrying vehicles.[22] It was widened in 1812.[23] Hadleigh also had its own Corn Exchange, completed in 1813.[24]

Hadleigh was formerly the home of Babergh District Council. In November 2017, the council vacated its offices on Cork Lane.[25]

Religion

[edit]
The Anglican church of St Mary the Virgin

The Anglican church of St Mary the Virgin is an active parish church in the archdeaconry of Ipswich in the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich. Its earliest parts date from medieval times. On 26 April 1950, the church was designated a Grade I listed building by English Heritage.[26]

According to the Annals of St Neots, a chronicle compiled in Bury St Edmunds, King Guthrum (later called Æthelstan, died c.890) was buried at Headleage, which is usually identified as Hadleigh.[27] He may have built the original Saxon church at this site, traces of which were revealed in the churchyard to the south of the porch, in 1829 and in 1984. There is no real evidence, however, that Guthrum was the founder of the church.[28] In the Domesday Book, there is mention of a church at "Hetlega" being owned by Archbishop Lanfranc of Canterbury.

The deanery, with a tall Tudor gatehouse in brick built just before the Reformation, next to the church, is also a Grade I listed building.[29]

Hadleigh United Reformed Church

Like its near neighbour, East Bergholt, Hadleigh was known during the 16th century for its Protestant radicalism. Rowland Taylor, a preacher from the town, and his curate, Richard Yeoman, were martyred by being burned at the stake during the reign of Queen Mary I. The Oxford Movement was said to have been founded in 1833 following a meeting in the deanery.[30]

Hadleigh United Reformed Church, off Market Place, was originally the town's Congregational Church, founded in 1688. It was rebuilt in the early 19th century and restored in 1890.[31][32] The Baptist chapel was built in 1830.[31][33] St Joseph's Roman Catholic Church was built in 1966. In 1814, the Wesleyan Methodists purchased the 14th-century Thorpes hall house in George Street and leased it to the Primitive Methodists, known as Ranters, in 1836. In 1848 the Wesleyans built a chapel on land adjoining Thorpes and enlarged it in 1875.[16][34] The chapel is now a Grade II listed home. There was also an Episcopal Mission Chapel built on Hadleigh Heath in 1878 and restored in 1891; it was disused by 1912.[31]

Economy

[edit]
A typical example of timber framing, Benton Street

The former Kings Arms on Benton Street is a typical example of timber framing. The building, a pub for over 400 years, has sections that date to the 15th century. It was known unofficially as the "Old Monkey" and is still referred to by that name today. It is now a private residence and bed and breakfast.[35][36]

Hadleigh is home to several manufacturers, including Jim Lawrence Handcrafted Home Furnishings,[37] and the Hadleigh Maid chocolate company.[38] From November 2009 Hadleigh was the home of the Hellhound microbrewery; it moved to Bramford in June 2014 and ceased trading in June 2018.[39]

The Brett Works site, off Pound Lane, was for some years the home of Brett Valley Joinery and was later allocated by Babergh District Council as a potential site for a new foodstore. Supermarket Tesco made a number of controversial proposals for the building of a store in the town. Their last proposal, for development of the Pound Lane site, was rejected by the council in July 2011.[40] The proposal was rejected again in September 2013.[41]

The Lady Lane Industrial estate is the location of Celotex Saint Gobain, the manufacturer of the insulation component in the cladding used at Grenfell Tower.[42]

Culture

[edit]

The annual Hadleigh Show, first held in 1840 and also known as 'the May Show', is one of the oldest one-day agricultural shows in East Anglia. Organised by the Hadleigh Farmers' Agricultural Association, the show enjoyed 12,500 visitors in 2013.[43]

Benton End House, a Grade II* listed building on Benton Street, was originally a large medieval farmhouse. From 1940 it was the home of Sir Cedric Morris, artist and plantsman, who formed the East Anglian School of Painting and Drawing there.[44] Students included Lucian Freud and Maggi Hambling.[45]

The Ansell Community Centre was established in 2004 to provide community facilities in the locality. It operates the cinema ("Hollywood in Hadleigh"), organises luncheon clubs and arranges events.[46]

Media

[edit]

Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC East and ITV Anglia. Television signals are received the Sudbury TV transmitter.[47]

Local radio stations are BBC Radio Suffolk on 103.9 FM, Heart East on 97.1 FM, Greatest Hits Radio Ipswich & Suffolk on 106.4 FM, Nation Radio Suffolk on 102.0 FM and ICR FM, a community based station which broadcasts from Ipswich on 105.7 FM.[48]

Hadleigh has its own community newspaper, Hadleigh Community News [49] but the town is also covered by the regional newspaper, East Anglian Daily Times.

Sport and leisure

[edit]
River Brett at Hadleigh

Hadleigh has a Non-League football club, Hadleigh United, who play at Millfield.[50] The town is also home to Hadleigh Rugby Club (HRFC).[51] Both the football and rugby club boast thriving youth and senior sections.

The town's bowls and cricket clubs are among the oldest in Suffolk. The bowls club was founded in 1754.[52] The cricket club is over 200 years old and pre-dates the Marylebone Cricket Club.[53]

Other sporting clubs include the Hadleigh Tennis Club, Hadleigh Hares running club and Hadleigh Cycling Club.[54][55][56]

At Benton End Farm there is an equestrian centre and a paintball centre.[57][58]

A swimming pool was built in the 1960s, to which a sports centre was added in 2012; the pool was rebuilt in 2020.[59]

Notable residents

[edit]

Arms

[edit]
Coat of arms of Hadleigh, Suffolk
Notes
Originally granted to the Borough of Hadleigh on 18 February 1618.[70]
Crest
On a wreath Or and Azure upon a mount Vert a paschal lamb Argent supporting a cross-staff Or flying a pennant Azure charged with a woolpack Argent.
Escutcheon
Azure a chevron Erminois between three woolpacks Argent.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Census 2011: Parish Headcounts:Hadleigh". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  2. ^ "Contact Us" Babergh Mid Suffolk". www.babergh.gov.uk.
  3. ^ Geater, Paul. "Babergh and Mid Suffolk councils set to move to Ipswich in September". Ipswich Star. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  4. ^ Skeat, Walter (1913). The Place-Names of Suffolk. Cambridge: Cambridge Antiquarian Society. p. 78.
  5. ^ D. Dumville and M. Lapidge (eds) Annals of St. Neots Cambridge 1984
  6. ^ a b "Welcome to the Hadleigh Town Council website". GB: Hadleigh.onesuffolk.net. 22 September 2013. Archived from the original on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
  7. ^ a b c Russell, Steve. "What was Hadleigh like 700 years ago?". East Anglian Daily Times. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
  8. ^ Woods, Margaret (1 December 2018). Medieval Hadleigh: The chief manor and the town. Lasse Press. ISBN 9781999775247.
  9. ^ "The Hadleigh Guildhall & Town Hall Complex – A Potted History". Hadleigh Market Feoffment Charity. 2009.
  10. ^ "Relationships and changes Hadleigh UD through time". A Vision of Britain through Time. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
  11. ^ "The English Non-metropolitan Districts (Definition) Order 1972". legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
  12. ^ "The Local Government (Successor Parishes) Order 1973". legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
  13. ^ "Listed Buildings in Hadleigh, Suffolk, England". britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  14. ^ Hugh Pigot (1866) A Guide to the Town, Church, and Chief Objects of Interest in Hadleigh. H. Hardacre, Hadleigh.
  15. ^ Historic England. "46 and 48 High St (1036757)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  16. ^ a b Historic England. "48 George Street (1036788)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  17. ^ Hadleigh Society newsletter, May 2019. http://www.hadsoc.org.uk/newsletter/HSN201905.pdf
  18. ^ "East House, Hadleigh". britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  19. ^ Russell, Steven (28 April 2008). "Hard men with a soft spot for Suffolk". East Anglian Daily Times. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  20. ^ "Proposals for East House scrapped". Johnston Publishing Ltd. 19 March 2013. Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  21. ^ "The Hadleigh Society May 2020". Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  22. ^ "Heritage Locations". www.transporttrust.com. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  23. ^ Hadleigh Official Town Guide 2014, Local Authority Publishing Co. Ltd, p.10.
  24. ^ Historic England. "Corn Exchange (1351724)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  25. ^ "Former Council Offices in Hadleigh" Babergh Mid Suffolk". www.babergh.gov.uk.
  26. ^ Historic England. "Church of St Mary, Hadleigh (Grade I) (1036820)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  27. ^ Dumville, David; Lapidge, Michael (1985). The Annals of St Neots with Vita Prima Sancti Neoti, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: a Collaborative Edition. Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-85991-117-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  28. ^ Tricker (2011), p. 1
  29. ^ Historic England. "Deanery Tower, Hadleigh (Grade I) (1194031)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  30. ^ Barry, William. "The Oxford Movement (1833–1845) (1911)". The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 20 November 2008.
  31. ^ a b c "Parish: Hadleigh" (PDF). heritage.suffolk.gov.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  32. ^ C. Sydenham (1967). The Story of Congregationalism in Hadleigh and district.
  33. ^ D. French. History of Hadleigh Baptist Church (1815–1980).
  34. ^ Hill, Christopher. "Hadleigh, near Ipswich, Suffolk".
  35. ^ Holden, Julie. "Is this Suffolk's sexiest place to stay?". Suffolk Magazine. Archant. Retrieved 30 March 2013.[permanent dead link‍]
  36. ^ "Hadleigh King's Arms summary from". Suffolk CAMRA. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  37. ^ "Talking to Jim Lawrence". The Suffolk Guide. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  38. ^ Evans, Katy (10 April 2006). "Freshly laid at Hadleigh Maid". East Anglian Daily Times. Archant. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  39. ^ "Hadleigh Hellhound brewery". www.suffolkcamra.co.uk. 3 May 2013. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  40. ^ Harris, Chris (7 January 2012). "Hadleigh: Tesco still wants a new store in town". East Anglian Daily Times. Archant. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  41. ^ "Tesco's Hadleigh supermarket plans rejected again". BBC News. 18 September 2013.
  42. ^ "Celotex - UK PIR Thermal Insulation Manufacturers". www.celotex.co.uk. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  43. ^ "Hadleigh Show". hadleighshow.co.uk. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  44. ^ Richard Morphet Cedric Morris The Tate Gallery 1984 ISBN 0-946590-06-0 pp. 59–60
  45. ^ Gardening (2 February 2012). "Cedric Morris: The flowering of a great artistic talent". Telegraph. London. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
  46. ^ "About Us - Ansell Community Centre". www.ansellcc.org.uk. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  47. ^ "Sudbury (Suffolk, England) Full Freeview transmitter". May 2004.
  48. ^ "Ipswich Community Radio". Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  49. ^ "Hadleigh Community News". Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  50. ^ "Hadleigh United". Thurlow Nunn League. Archived from the original on 2 August 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  51. ^ Gallagher, Marcus (9 April 2016). "Home". Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  52. ^ "Welcome To Hadleigh Bowling Club Website". hadleighbowlsclub.com. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  53. ^ "Hadleigh Cricket Club – 213 not out". hadleigh.cricketclubwebsite.co.uk. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  54. ^ "Hadleigh Tennis Club". Hadleigh Tennis Club.
  55. ^ "Hadleigh Hares Athletics Club". hares.moonfruit.com.
  56. ^ "Home". Hadleigh CC.
  57. ^ "Hadleigh Riding Centre | Hadleigh | What to do in Suffolk". Thesuffolkguide.co.uk. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  58. ^ Gunsmoke Paintball (13 December 2015). "Paintballing in Essex and Suffolk and Online Store". Gunsmoke Paintball. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  59. ^ Sophie Barnett (2020) "Hadleigh's £2.4m swimming pool nears completion", East Anglian Daily Times, December 19. https://www.eadt.co.uk/news/hadleigh-swimming-pool-tiling-nears-completion-6857962
  60. ^ Suffolk Heritage Explorer (2018). "Burial place of the Anglo-Saxon Danish chieftain Guthrum". Suffolk County Council. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  61. ^ "Patrick Newell". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  62. ^ "Pauline Stainer – Author". bloodaxebooks.com. Archived from the original on 27 May 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  63. ^ Bredin, Lucinda (18 May 2002). "Maggi Hambling – A matter of life and death". guardian.co.uk. London. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  64. ^ Glancey, Jonathan (2 November 2007). "Food directory: Jonathan Glancey on organic shops and delis". guardian.co.uk. London. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  65. ^ "My Home: Caryn Franklin, TV presenter". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 29 May 2009. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  66. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Russell Swallow and the Wolf (Interview)". YouTube. 4 March 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
  67. ^ Russell, Steven (28 April 2008). "Hard men with a soft spot for Suffolk". East Anglian Daily Times. Suffolk. Archived from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  68. ^ "Suffolk tourist board embarrassed after metal band Cradle of Filth voted county's greatest icon". The Daily Telegraph. London. 5 January 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  69. ^ J.D, Sai Balasubramanian, M. D. "Best Buy Ventures Into Healthcare, Paying $400 Million For Current Health". Forbes. Retrieved 10 November 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  70. ^ "East of England Region". Civic Heraldry of England. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Hadleigh.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hadleigh.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Hadleigh".
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