HMS Yarmouth (1745)

	Plan of Yarmouth
History
Great Britain
Name	HMS Yarmouth
Ordered	16 June 1742
Builder	Deptford Dockyard
Laid down	25 November 1742
Launched	8 March 1745
Commissioned	February 1745
In service	1745–1752; 1753–1760; 1763–1770; 1777–1781; 1781–1807;
Honours and; awards	Second Battle of Cape Finisterre, 1747; Seven Years' War; American Revolutionary War; Battle of the Saintes, 1782;
Fate	Broken up, April 1811
General characteristics
Class and type	1741 proposals 64-gun third rate ship of the line
Tons burthen	1359 38⁄94 bm
Length	160 ft (48.8 m) (gundeck); 130 ft 6 in (39.8 m) (keel);
Beam	44 ft 3 in (13.5 m)
Depth of hold	19 ft (5.8 m)
Propulsion	Sails
Sail plan	Full-rigged ship
Complement	480
Armament	Gundeck: 26 × 32-pounder guns; Upper gundeck: 26 × 18-pounder guns; Quarterdeck: 10 × 9-pounder guns; Forecastle: 2 × 9-pounder guns;

HMS Yarmouth was a 64-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, designed and built by Joseph Allin the younger at Deptford Dockyard. She was previously ordered to the dimensions specified in the 1741 proposals for modifications to the 1719 Establishment, but the Admiralty had very quickly concluded that these were too small, and as an experiment in 1742 authorised an addition of 6 ft to the planned length, and Yarmouth was re-ordered to the enlarged design in June 1742. She was built at Deptford, where the Admiralty felt they could best observe the effectiveness of the added size, and launched on 8 March 1745.^[1]

Commissioned in February 1745 under Captain Roger Martin. In 1747 under Captain Piercy Brett she was one of George Anson's squadron at the First Battle of Cape Finisterre.^[1] Yarmouth became a guardship in 1763, serving alternately between Chatham and Sheerness. She was recommissioned for the Leeward Islands in 1777 and sailed on 9 September.^[2] In 1781, Yarmouth was reduced in armament to become a 60-gun ship. She remained in this role until 1811, when she was broken up.^[1]

On 22 January, 1778 she captured brigs "Fortune" and "Alexander" off Dominico.^[3]

Destroying USS Randolph

On 7 March 1778 Yarmouth was attacked by the American frigate Randolph of 36 guns and the 20-gun sloop, General Moultrie. With fewer guns and of a smaller calibre, the frigate and sloop managed to cause some minor damage to two of Yarmouth's topmasts and a portion of her bowsprit, Randolph then attempted to rake (fire through the length of) the ship; Randolph was firing three broadsides to Yarmouth's one; however, the 12 lb shot would have struggled to penetrate Yarmouth's hull, while Yarmouth's 18- and 32-pounder guns would have been able to penetrate any part of her comparatively lightly planked opponents. Randolph exploded during the engagement, likely due to a shot penetrating her magazine, killing all but four of her crew. Part of her wreckage landed on Yarmouth's decks, including Randolph's ensign. Yarmouth had to repair two damaged topmasts but suffered no significant damage. Five men were killed and twelve wounded aboard HMS Yarmouth. General Moultrie fled following Randolph's destruction.^[4]^[5]

On Thursday the following, being in chase of a ship, a man at the masthead of Yarmouth called down to the officer on the quarterdeck. He saw something in the water abaft the beam, but could not initially recognise what it was. With the help of a spy-glass he soon discovered four men seemingly standing on the water, for what supported them was not visible. HMS Yarmouth took 2 to 3 hours to eventually reach the men, who were standing on a small float, and were brought aboard. They turned out to be from the destroyed ship Randolph. The account they gave was that they were in the quarter cabin and were thrown into the water when the ship blew up. They managed to tie together a makeshift raft from the floating debris and were fortunate to survive by using a blanket to capture rainwater during their stranded five nights at sea.^[4]^[5]

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lavery, Ships of the Line, vol. 1, p. 172.
^ Winfield p. 93
^ "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
^ ^a ^b James, William (1827). A full and correct account of the chief naval occurrences of the late war between Great Britain and the United States of America. London: T. Egerton. p. 62.
^ ^a ^b "No. 11876". The London Gazette. 19 May 1778. p. 2.

References

Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line – Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650–1850. Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-252-8.
Winfield, Rif (2007) British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1714–1792. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84415-700-6.
https://web.archive.org/web/20120309230051/http://www.jfjcccmuseum.com/tjoschultz/randolph.html
https://books.google.com/books?id=VXL7ENtRDOcC&dq=HMS+Yarmouth+1745&pg=PA1175

[Lavery,_SoLv1_p172-1] Lavery, Ships of the Line, vol. 1, p. 172.

[2] Winfield p. 93

[3] "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 12 October 2023.

[James_1827_62-4] James, William (1827). A full and correct account of the chief naval occurrences of the late war between Great Britain and the United States of America. London: T. Egerton. p. 62.

[ReferenceA-5] "No. 11876". The London Gazette. 19 May 1778. p. 2.

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