Grunwald, Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship
Grunwald | |
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Village | |
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  Grunwald | |
| Coordinates: 53°29′09″N 20°05′31″E / 53.48583°N 20.09194°E | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship |  Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Ostróda |
| Gmina | Grunwald |
| Population (2011) | 417[1] |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 14-110 |
| Area code | +48 89 |
| Vehicle registration | NOS |
Grunwald [ˈɡrunvalt] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grunwald, within Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.[2] The village is chiefly known for a historic battle which took place there, namely the 1410 Battle of Grunwald between Polish-Lithuanian and Teutonic Knights forces.
Geography
[edit]It lies approximately 26 kilometres (16 mi) south of Ostróda and 43 km (27 mi) south-west of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is located within the historic region of Masuria.
History
[edit]On 15 July 1410, the Battle of Grunwald was fought near the village (in the direction of the Stębark village). In it, Polish–Lithuanian forces commanded by King Władysław II Jagiełło defeated the Teutonic Knights. It was one of the largest battles in medieval Europe and one of the most important and magnificent victories in the history of Poland and Lithuania. The Grunwald Battlefield, listed as a Historic Monument of Poland,[3] is located nearby. Festivities and battle reenactments take place every year on the battle anniversary.
After the battle, the King of Poland, Władysław II Jagiełło, intended to erect a chapel on the battlefield[4] at "loco conflictus nostri ... dicto Grunenvelt". Despite the Polish–Lithuanian victory in the battle and the war, the battle site initially remained under the control of the Teutonic Order, which built a chapel dedicated to Mary instead. In 1454, King Casimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the region to the Kingdom of Poland upon the request of the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation.[5] After the subsequent Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466), it became a part of Poland as a fief held by the Teutonic Knights.[6] The village was mentioned in the 15th-century Latin chronicles as Grunenvelt. Chronicler Jan Długosz used the Polish name Grunwald, and that name was used in Polish historiography since.
After the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II, in accordance to the Potsdam Agreement, the village became again part of Poland. A museum and memorial site are located in the fields where the battle was fought, roughly in the middle of a triangle, with Stębark and Łodwigowo.
References
[edit]- ^ "Wieś Grunwald (warmińsko-mazurskie)". Polska w liczbach (in Polish). Retrieved 12 October 2019.
- ^ "Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)" (in Polish). 2008-06-01.
- ^ Rozporządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 17 września 2010 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii "Grunwald - Pole Bitwy", Dz. U., 2010, vol. 184, No. 1235
- ^ On 16 September ... the Polish King made his intentions clear in a letter to the bishop of Pomesania to have a Brigittine cloister and church built on the battlefield at Grunenvelt, literally in loco conflictus nostri, quem cum Cruciferis de Prusia habuimus, dicto Grunenvelt. - Sven Ekdahl "Ekdahl.de". Archived from the original on 2009-05-26. Retrieved 2009-04-17.: The Battle of Tannenberg-Grunwald-Žalgiris (1410) as reflected in Twentieth-Century monuments, p. 175ff, in: Victor Mallia-Milanes, Malcolm Barber et al.: The Military Orders Volume 3: History and Heritage, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2008 ISBN 0-7546-6290-X [1]
- ^ Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. p. 54.
- ^ Górski, pp. 96–97, 214–215
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