Puno antpitta
| Puno antpitta | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Grallariidae |
| Genus: | Grallaria |
| Species complex: | Grallaria rufula complex |
| Species: | G. sinaensis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Grallaria sinaensis Robbins, Isler, ML, Chesser & Tobias, 2020
| |
| |
The Puno antpitta (Grallaria sinaensis) is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.[1]
Taxonomy and systematics
[edit]The Puno antpitta was described by Mark B. Robbins, Morton L. Isler, R. Terry Chesser and Joseph Tobias in 2020 as a member of the rufous antpitta complex.[2] The International Ornithological Committee and the Clements taxonomy recognized the new species in 2021.[3][4] However, as of early 2024 BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) did not recognize it.[5]
The Puno antpitta's specific epithet sinaensis comes from the species' type locality, the Sina District in the Department of Puno, Peru. The common name is from that department.[2]
The Puno antpitta is monotypic.[1] It and the Bolivian antpitta (G. cochabambae) are sister species.[6]
Description
[edit]Grallaria antpittas are a "wonderful group of plump and round antbirds whose feathers are often fluffed up...they have stout bills [and] very short tails".[7] The holotype Puno antpitta, a male, weighed 34.2 g (1.2 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a mostly dark reddish yellow-brown crown, upperparts, wings, and tail with lighter edges on the flight feathers. They have a pale eyering. Their throat and breast are light reddish yellow-brown, their belly and undertail coverts pale buffy brown, and their flanks dark reddish yellow-brown. Their lower breast and belly have thin darker streaks. Both sexes have a dark brown iris, a black bill, and bluish gray legs and feet.[2][8]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]The Puno antpitta has a very restricted range in Peru's Puno Department and Bolivia's La Paz Department. All of the records come from between the Sandia River valley in the north and the Consata River valley in the south. Its exact habitat requirements have not been documented. The holotype was collected in temperate forest. At least in Bolivia, it favors areas of dense undergrowth at treeline, along rivers, and at forest edges; it is sometimes associated with bamboo. In elevation it is known between 2,700 and 3,150 m (8,900 and 10,300 ft).[2][8]
Behavior
[edit]Movement
[edit]The Puno antpitta is assumed to be resident throughout its range.[8]
Feeding
[edit]The Puno antpitta's diet is not known except that it includes insects. Its diet is assumed to be similar to those of other Grallaria antpittas, which feed on arthropods, earthworms, and other invertebrates. Its foraging behavior is also unknown, but again it is assumed to be like that of other antpittas. They run or hop on the forest floor and stop to find prey by flipping aside leaf litter and probing the soil.[2][8]
Breeding
[edit]The Puno antpitta's breeding season appears to include October, but nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology.[8]
Vocalization
[edit]The Puno antpitta's long song is a "[r]elatively long (c 3.5+ s), and moderately-paced (c 6 notes/s) series of clear slightly downslurred notes that start at c 3 kHz, descend slightly to c 2.7 kHz before ascending again to c 3-3.1 kHz, and a similar pattern where the notes of the song lengthen slightly at the beginning of the song and then shorten slightly at the end". Its short song is "[n]otably simple, a two note song consisting of clear, downslurred whistles at c 2.4 kHz, given quickly, the entire song lasting c 0.3-0.4s".[8]
Status
[edit]The IUCN follows HBW taxonomy, which does not recognize the Puno antpitta, and so has not assessed it.[9] It is known to occur in Madidi National Park in Bolivia.[2][8]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Antthrushes, antpittas, gnateaters, tapaculos, crescentchests". IOC World Bird List. v 14.2. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f Isler, Morton L.; Chesser, R. Terry; Robbins, Mark B.; Cuervo, Andrés M.; Cadena, Carlos Daniel & Hosner, Peter A. (21 July 2020). "Taxonomic evaluation of the Grallaria rufula (Rufous Antpitta) complex (Aves: Passeriformes: Grallariidae) distinguishes sixteen species". Zootaxa. 4817 (1): zootaxa.4817.1.1. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4817.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 33055681. S2CID 222829674.
- ^ Gill, F, D Donsker, and P Rasmussen (Eds). 2021. IOC World Bird List (v 11.2). Doi 10.14344/IOC.ML.11.2. http://www.worldbirdnames.org/
- ^ Clements, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- ^ HBW and BirdLife International (2024). Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 8.1. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/taxonomy retrieved 26 August 2024
- ^ Chesser, R. Terry; Isler, Morton L.; Cuervo, Andrés M.; Cadena, C. Daniel; Galen, Spencer C.; Bergner, Laura M.; Fleischer, Robert C.; Bravo, Gustavo A.; Lane, Daniel F. & Hosner, Peter A. (1 July 2020). "Conservative plumage masks extraordinary phylogenetic diversity in the Grallaria rufula (Rufous Antpitta) complex of the humid Andes". The Auk. 137 (3). doi:10.1093/auk/ukaa009. ISSN 0004-8038.
- ^ Ridgely, Robert S.; Greenfield, Paul J. (2001). The Birds of Ecuador: Field Guide. Vol. II. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. pp. 436–437. ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7.
- ^ a b c d e f g Greeney, H. F. and A. J. Spencer (2021). Puno Antpitta (Grallaria sinaensis), version 1.1. In Birds of the World (B. K. Keeney, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.punant1.01.1 retrieved 10 September 2024
- ^ "Puno Antpitta search". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024. Retrieved 10 September 2024.