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Grace Helen Kent

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Grace Helen Kent (June 6, 1875 - September 19, 1973) was an American psychologist. She is known for creating the Kent-Rosanoff Free Association Test, an influential word association test.

Life

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Born in Indiana, United States, Kent grew up in Iowa, the daughter of a clergyman. Her father was quite liberal, and, in fact, was the first white pastor for a black parish.[1]

Kent first studied at Grinnell College before moving onto the University of Iowa.[2] She studied at the university for a few years, receiving her bachelor's degree in 1902 and her Master's in 1904. In 1911, she received a PhD at the George Washington University. Grace Kent worked at several different hospitals and state institutions where she evaluated and studied mentally disabled patients.

Grace Kent died on September 19, 1973, at the age of 98.

Contributions

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She is known mainly for collaborating to create the Kent-Rosanoff Free Association Test.[citation needed] Grace Helen Kent was the main contributor to the Kent-Rosanoff Free Association, a word association test that was developed to differentiate schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic patients. Patients were given neutral words, chosen by Kent, that were unlikely to elicit emotional responses and asked to provide a word of their own. In scoring the test, the responses were compared to those of 1000 normal controls and distinguished in three different ways. (A) being the most common response. (B) is an individual response. (C) is an unusual response.[3] Kent provided the psychological world with an array of new information. One of the many articles she published was called, “A graded series of geometrical puzzles. Journal of Experimental Psychology.” This was an assessment done by Kent using a series of graded geometric puzzles, which she used to measure the capabilities of children with mental disabilities. Throughout her journal, Kent mentioned several fundamental difficulties she encountered while performing this experiment. Overall, Kent found her test to be not overly effective, and highly encouraged criticism from other psychologists on what she could have done to make improvements.[4] Another article that was written by Grace Helen Kent is titled “Experiments on habit formation in dementia praecox. Psychological Review”. Which was an assessment Kent performed to show to what extent patients with dementia could benefit from performing simple tasks. The tests that were given to the patients ranged from rearranging of digits, mazes, and marking similar figures. Kent observed that the patients made extremely hard work of their light tasks and were very habitual in their actions. Kent determined that the willingness of a patient to perform their task showed how well they might do, and that this is specific to each individual. Kent also concluded that the practice effect she observed in her patients appears to be transferable to another kind of work that uses the same motor functions.[5]

References

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  1. ^ "Grace Kent". .webster.edu. 1973-09-18. Retrieved 2013-10-04.
  2. ^ Shakow, David (1974-07-01). "Grace Helen Kent". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. 10 (3): 275–280. doi:10.1002/1520-6696(197407)10:3<275::aid-jhbs2300100302>3.0.co;2-j. ISSN 1520-6696. PMID 11609222.
  3. ^ Shakow, D., & Jellinek, E. (1965). "Composite index of the Kent-Rosanoff Free Association Test". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 70 (6): 403–404. doi:10.1037/h0022749. PMID 5846423.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Kent, Grace Hellen (1916). "A graded series of geometrical puzzles". Journal of Experimental Psychology. 1 (1): 40–50. doi:10.1037/h0068494. hdl:10192/28940.
  5. ^ Kent, Grace Hellen (1911). "Experiments on habit formation in dementia praecox" (PDF). Psychological Review. 18 (6): 375–410. doi:10.1037/h0070005.
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