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George Sinclair (mercenary)

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An Adolph Tidemand painting representing Sinclair's forces landing in Norway

George Sinclair (c. 1580–1612) was a Scottish mercenary who fought and died in the Kalmar War. He is remembered in popular song in Norway[1] and the Faroe Islands, through the ballad Sinklars Visa.

Biography

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Sinclair's men would have looked similar to these Scottish soldiers in the service of Gustavus Adolphus

George Sinclair was a nephew of George Sinclair, 5th Earl of Caithness.[2] He was educated at Edinburgh High School and in 1595 participated in a mutiny which ended after the city officers stormed the school; according to a Norwegian source Sinclair shot a bailie with a pistol.[3]

James VI and I, the brother-in-law of Christian IV of Denmark, forbade Scottish mercenaries from joining the Swedes in the Kalmar War (1611-1613). But Sinclair and his men, led by Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Ramsay, went to Romsdalen in Norway anyway. They landed at Klungnes on the shore of the Romsdalsfjord on 19 or 20 August 1612, in two ships and with around 300 men.[2][4] A week after they landed they were engaged by a Norwegian militia of farmers, with only a few Scotsmen escaping with their lives,[5] in what became known as the Battle of Kringen. Sinclair was shot by Berdon Segelstad, a Norwegian militiaman, with a silver button. He was buried in Kvam, at the old church, and a memorial stone put over his grave remains there still.[6]

Legacy

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Sinclair's story, as Sinklars Visa, is memorialized in folk songs in Norway and in one of the Kvæði, the ballads of Faroese folk culture. Faroese folk metal band Týr adapted Sinklars Visa for a modern metal audience; the song is an audience favorite.[7]

Sinclair is also remembered in the poem "The Ballad of George Sinclair" translated into English from the original Danish/Norwegian and written by Edvard Storm, in 1781.[8][9]

Childe Sinclair and his menyie steered
Across the salt sea waves;
But at Kringellens' mountain gorge
They filled untimely graves.

They crossed the stormy waves so blue,
for Swedish gold to fight;
May burning curses on them fall
That strike not for the right!

The horned moon is gleaming red,
The waves are rolling deep;
A mermaid trolled her demon lay -
Childe Sinclair woke from sleep.

Turn round, turn round thou Scottish youth,
Or loud thy sire shall mourn;
For if thou touchest Norway's strand,
Thou never shall return.

Henrik Wergeland wrote a historical tragedy of the incident, Sinklars Død (Death of Sinclair), in about 1840. Wergeland also refers to the battle in his poem "Norges Fjelde" ("mountains of Norway"), where he calls the lumber barricade used in the ambush a "barricade of freedom".[citation needed] Wergeland's tragedy, in turn, was one of the inspirations for Henrik Ibsen's first play, Catiline.[10]

Victorian antiquarians, in the late 19th century, named the "Sinclair Hilt" for George Sinclair, using it to denote Scandinavian swords that "bear a certain resemblance" to swords used in the Scottish Highlands in the 17th and 18th centuries.[11]

Captured Scottish weapons, including a pistol, a lochabar axe and several basket hilt claymores, were put on display at the Gudbrandsdal Museum, Kvam, to commemorate the battle.[12]

References

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  1. ^ Miller, James (2007). Swords for Hire. ISBN 978-1841584461.
  2. ^ a b Sinclair, George A. (1907). "Scandinavian Ballads on Caithness Soldiers". The Scottish Historical Review. 4 (16): 374–383.
  3. ^ - Beveridge, J., The Scottish Expedition in Norway (6 November 2008)
  4. ^ Norman Henderson (translation) (25 February 2014). ""The Scottish March of 1612" and The Battle of Kringen, What happened? What was the reason? What significance did this incident have for Norwegian history?". kringen1612.no. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
  5. ^ Steuart, A. Francis (1904). "Scottish Officers in Sweden". The Scottish Historical Review. 1 (2): 191–196.
  6. ^ Engen, Arnfinn (29 June 2022). "George Sinclair". Norsk Biografisk Leksikon. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  7. ^ Trafford, Simon (2020). "Viking Metal". In Meyer, Stephen C.; Yri, Kirsten (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Music and Medievalism. Oxford University Press. pp. 564–85. ISBN 9780190658465.
  8. ^ Edvard Storm, The Ballad of Sinclair, from Scottish Soldiers of Fortune by Grant (retrieved 13 November 2008)
  9. ^ Øystein Rottem. "Edvard Storm". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  10. ^ Stenberg, Theodore T. (1923). "Reviewed Work(s): Early Plays: Catiline, The Warrior's Barrow, Olaf Liljekrans by Henrik Ibsen and Anders Orbeck". The Journal of English and Germanic Philology. 22 (1): 155–161.
  11. ^ Oakeshott, E. (2012) [1980]. European Weapons and Armour: From the Renaissance to the Industrial Revolution. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 172–173. ISBN 978-1-84383-720-6.
  12. ^ Niven Sinclair, The Battle of Kringen, 1612
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