Gender-blind

In education, business, law, and other fields, gender blindness or sex blindness^[1] is the practice of disregarding gender as a significant factor in interactions between people and applying equal rules across genders (formal equality of opportunity).^[2]

In education

Krista Ratcliffe writes that gender blindness functions in the classroom to downplay the existence of gender differences, which tends to reinforce existing gender substantive inequality.^[3]

The National Student Genderblind Campaign, founded in the United States in 2006,^[4] has argued in favor of gender-neutral campus housing at colleges and universities to better serve gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and intersex students.^[5]

In health care

The use of mixed-gender hospital rooms has proved controversial in both the United Kingdom and Canada.^[6] Manitoba's Health Minister, Theresa Oswald, has campaigned actively against such rooms, saying that if humanity can "put somebody on the moon", it can find a way to honor gender requests without leading to delays for patients.^[7] Great Britain agreed to phase out such rooms by 2010.^[6]

Some medical ethicists have been critical of efforts to return to single-sex rooms.^[7] Jacob M. Appel, an advocate for mixed rooms in the United States, has written that opposition to gender-mixed rooms stems from "old-fashioned prejudice", arguing: "Because some people have been brought up to fear or dislike sharing a room with a person of the opposite sex, or blush at the prospect of catching a glimpse of an unwelcome body part when a robe slips open, we enshrine and perpetuate this prejudice in social policy."^[8]

In law

The legal test of the "reasonable person" has been criticised for being genderblind to be applied in some areas of the law, particularly sexual harassment. Women are subjected to more normalised and endemic sexual harassment than men. On the grounds of this, the American case of Ellison v. Brady 924 F.2d 872 (1991), the court held that "a sex-blind reasonable person standard tends to be male-based and tends to systematically ignore the experiences of women".^[9]

Research

Gendered treatment prevails all over the world. Of a study of organisations which offered women-only services, 23% said that their reason was based on women's inequality and the desire to address that imbalance; 20% that women-only spaces promote female development and empowerment; 18% that they were providing a service not being met by unisex services and which focused on the specific needs of women.^[10]

Studies indicate a broad support for single-sex service options to remain available. In a 2011 poll of 1,000 women by the Women's Resource Centre, 97% stated that women should have the option of accessing female-only services if they were victims of sexual assault. 57% indicated that they would choose a women-only gym over a mixed gym.^[11] Single-sex services can provide greater comfort and engagement for participants who would otherwise not get involved.^[12]^{[further explanation needed]}

References

^ Bacchi, Carol Lee (2009). "Policy". In Essed, P.; Goldberg, D.T.; Kobayashi, A. (eds.). A Companion to Gender Studies. John Wiley & Sons. p. 183. ISBN 978-1-4051-8808-1.
^ Hubbard, Dianne. "Ideas about equality: Gender, sexuality and the law." Unravelling Taboos (2007): 86.
^ Ratcliffe, Krista (2005). "Listening Pedagogically". Rhetorical Listening: Identification, Gender, Whiteness. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. p. 134. ISBN 0-8093-2668-X.
^ "About". The National Student Genderblind Campaign. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013.
^ Redden, Elizabeth (28 December 2006). "A Room for Jack and Jill". Inside Higher Ed.
^ ^a ^b Miner, John (17 June 2010). "Shared room sparks rage". London Free Press. Archived from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
^ ^a ^b Bruce Owen, Oswald vows action to stop coed rooms in hospitals, Winnipeg Free Press, 14 May 2010
^ Appel, Jacob M. (2010-06-18). "Are We Ready for Coed Hospital Rooms?". HuffPost. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
^ McCammon, Holly J.; Taylor, Verta; Reger, Jo; Einwohner, Rachel L. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of U.S. Women's Social Movement Activism. p. 204.
^ "Women-only services: making the case. A guide for women's organisations" (PDF). London, UK: Women's Resource Centre. July 2011. p. 18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-11. Retrieved 2018-04-18.
^ "Women-only services: making the case" (2011), p. 15.
^ "Women-only services: making the case" (2011), p. 17.

External links

Definition by the European Institute for Gender Equality

[Bacchi-1] Bacchi, Carol Lee (2009). "Policy". In Essed, P.; Goldberg, D.T.; Kobayashi, A. (eds.). A Companion to Gender Studies. John Wiley & Sons. p. 183. ISBN 978-1-4051-8808-1.

[2] Hubbard, Dianne. "Ideas about equality: Gender, sexuality and the law." Unravelling Taboos (2007): 86.

[Ratcliffe-3] Ratcliffe, Krista (2005). "Listening Pedagogically". Rhetorical Listening: Identification, Gender, Whiteness. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. p. 134. ISBN 0-8093-2668-X.

[4] "About". The National Student Genderblind Campaign. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013.

[Redden-5] Redden, Elizabeth (28 December 2006). "A Room for Jack and Jill". Inside Higher Ed.

[Miner-6] Miner, John (17 June 2010). "Shared room sparks rage". London Free Press. Archived from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 27 January 2019.

[Owen-7] Bruce Owen, Oswald vows action to stop coed rooms in hospitals, Winnipeg Free Press, 14 May 2010

[8] Appel, Jacob M. (2010-06-18). "Are We Ready for Coed Hospital Rooms?". HuffPost. Retrieved 2019-04-26.

[9] McCammon, Holly J.; Taylor, Verta; Reger, Jo; Einwohner, Rachel L. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of U.S. Women's Social Movement Activism. p. 204.

[Women-only-10] "Women-only services: making the case. A guide for women's organisations" (PDF). London, UK: Women's Resource Centre. July 2011. p. 18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-11. Retrieved 2018-04-18.

[FOOTNOTE"Women-only_services:_making_the_case"201115-11] "Women-only services: making the case" (2011), p. 15.

[FOOTNOTE"Women-only_services:_making_the_case"201117-12] "Women-only services: making the case" (2011), p. 17.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

v t e Discrimination
Forms	Institutional Structural Statistical Taste-based
Attributes	Age Caste Class Dialect Disability Genetic Hair texture Height Language Looks Mental disorder Race / Ethnicity Skin color Scientific racism Rank Sex Sexual orientation Species Size Viewpoint
Social	Arophobia Acephobia Adultism Anti-albinism Anti-autism Anti-homelessness Anti-drug addicts Anti-intellectualism Anti-intersex Anti-left handedness Anti-Masonry Aporophobia Audism Biphobia Clannism Elitism Ephebiphobia Social determinants of health Social determinants of health in poverty Social determinants of mental health Fatphobia Gayphobia Gerontophobia Heterosexism HIV/AIDS stigma Homophobia Leprosy stigma Lesbophobia Discrimination against men Misandry Misogyny Nepotism Pedophobia Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Sectarianism Supremacism White Male Transphobia Non-binary Transmisogyny Trans men Vegaphobia Xenophobia
Religious	Atheism Exclusivism Baháʼí Faith Buddhism Christianity Persecution Catholicism Eastern Orthodoxy Jehovah's Witnesses LDS or Mormon post–Cold War era Falun Gong Hinduism Persecution Untouchability Islam Persecution Ahmadiyya Shi'ism Sufism Sunnism minority Muslim Judaism Persecution Neopaganism Protestantism Rastafari Sikhism Yazidism Zoroastrianism
Ethnic/National	Afghan African Albanian Arab Armenian Asian France South Africa United States Assyrian Azerbaijani Black people African Americans China South Africa Bengali Bulgarian Catalan Chechen Chinese Colombian Croat Filipino Fulani Finnish Georgian Greek Haitian Hazara Hungarian Igbo Indian Indigenous people Australia Canada United States Irish Italian Japanese Jewish Antisemitism New Korean Kurdish Lithuanian Malay Māori Mexican Middle Eastern Mongolian Nigerian Pakistani Palestinians Pashtun Polish Quebec Romani Romanian Scottish Serb Slavic Somali Tatar Thai Turkish Ukrainian Uyghur Venezuelan Vietnamese Welsh
Manifestations	Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups Anti-LGBTQ movemenet in the US Anti-trans movement in the UK Anti-Zionism Blood libel Bullying Cancel culture Capital punishment for homosexuality Compulsory sterilization Corrective rape Counter-jihad Cultural genocide Defamation Democide Disability hate crime Dog whistle Domicide Economic Education Employment Eliminationism Enemy of the people Ethnic cleansing Ethnic conflict Ethnic hatred Ethnic joke Ethnocide Excellence Forced conversion Freak show Gay bashing Gendercide Genital modification and mutilation Genocide examples Glass ceiling Hate crime LGBTQ Hate group Hate speech Homeless dumping Housing Indian rolling Kill Haole Day Lavender scare LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory List of people killed for being transgender Lynching Mortgage Murder music Native American mascots Occupational segregation Opposition to immigration Persecution Pogrom Political repression Purge Racialization Religious persecution Religious terrorism Religious violence Religious war Scapegoating Segregation academy Sexual harassment Sex-selective abortion Slut-shaming Trans bashing Victimisation Violence against women White flight White genocide conspiracy theory Wife selling Witch hunt
Discriminatory policies	Age of candidacy Blood purity Blood quantum Crime of apartheid Disabilities Catholic Jewish Gender pay gap Gender roles Gerontocracy Gerrymandering Ghetto benches Internment Jewish quota Law for Protection of the Nation MSM blood donation restrictions No kid zone Numerus clausus (as religious or racial quota) One-drop rule Racial quota Racial segregation Jim Crow laws Nuremberg Laws Racial steering Redlining Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) Segregation age racial religious sexual Social exclusion Sodomy law State atheism State religion Ugly law Voter suppression
Countermeasures	Affirmative action Anti-discrimination law Anti-racism Constitutional colorblindness Cultural assimilation Cultural pluralism Diversity, equity, and inclusion Diversity training Empowerment Fat acceptance movement Feminism Fighting Discrimination Hate speech laws by country Human rights Intersex human rights LGBT rights Nonviolence Racial integration Reappropriation Self-determination Social integration Toleration
Related topics	Allophilia Amatonormativity Bias Cisnormativity Civil liberties Dehumanization Diversity Multiculturalism Neurodiversity Ethnic penalty Figleaf Gender-blind Heteronormativity Historical eugenics Internalized oppression Intersectionality Masculism Medical model of disability autism Net bias Oikophobia Oppression Police brutality Political correctness Polyculturalism Power distance Prejudice Prisoner abuse Racial bias in criminal news in the United States Racism by country Racial color blindness Religious intolerance Reverse discrimination Reverse racism Second-generation gender bias Snobbery Social exclusion Social identity threat Social model of disability Social privilege Christian male white Social stigma Speciesism Stereotype threat The talk
Category Commons