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G Division (Dublin Metropolitan Police)

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G (detective) Division was a plainclothes divisional office of the Dublin Metropolitan Police concerned with detective police work.[1] Divisions A to F of the DMP were uniformed sections responsible for particular districts of the city.

Early history

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Established in 1842 the G Division was a purely investigative body, consisting of plainclothes detectives, and was unique to the DMP.[2] 'Instead of having detectives attached to each division, as was the practice in London, the Dublin Police administration established one central office, or G Division, for the whole district at Exchange Court, Dublin Castle. A superintendent, two sergeants and 14 constables were assigned to the Detective Division. A certain number of constables were on duty day and night, while others were exclusively employed in connection with the pawnbrokers' offices. Special attention and continuous watch was kept on the networks of receivers of stolen goods.'[3]

By 1859, much of the G Division's work was concerned with Fenianism.[4] Superintendent Daniel Ryan headed the detectives answering to Sir Henry Lake, chief commissioner of the Dublin Metropolitan Police (DMP).[1] Ryan had an informer named Pierce Nagle within the offices of the Fenian Irish People newspaper. In 1865, Nagle warned Ryan about an "action this year" message on its way to the Irish Republican Brotherhood unit in Tipperary. On 15 July 1865, Irish-American plans for an IRB rising in Ireland were discovered when the emissary lost them at Kingstown railway station. Ryan raided the offices of the newspaper on 15 September, and the staff were arrested.[5] They were tried and sentenced to terms of penal servitude.

In 1874, John Mallon succeeded Ryan as head of G Division. Mallon's father had been linked with the Ribbon Society, but the son had specialised in his career working against Irish republicanism. He had an extensive knowledge of the separatists and operated a personal network of spies and informers. In the 1880s, G Division was pitted against separatist insurgents including the Invincibles. It also operated against the Land League and even the Irish Parliamentary Party and arrested Charles Stewart Parnell in 1881. Mallon supervised G Division until his retirement in January 1902. To protect his informants, Mallon had refused to commit much of his knowledge to paper.[1]

Anglo Irish war

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The unarmed and uniformed majority of the Dublin Metropolitan Police played a relatively neutral role during the troubles of 1919 and restricted their functions to such traditional roles as criminal investigation and traffic control. However, an expanded G Division was employed as an active intelligence agency against the IRA. In his book "The Spy in the Castle", David Neligan, an IRA double agent who infiltrated G Division, suggests that much of their activity was unprofessional and dependent upon casually-recruited local informers plus conspicuous English officers whose wartime experience in Cairo and elsewhere had little relevance to Dublin conditions.

Several DMP officers actively assisted the IRA during the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921), most famously Edward Broy, who passed valuable intelligence to IRA leader Michael Collins throughout the conflict. Broy was a double agent with the rank of Detective Sergeant (DS) [6][7] and worked as a clerk inside the G division branch. There, he copied sensitive files for Collins and passed this material on to the latter through Thomas Gay, the librarian at Capel Street Library. On 7 April 1919, Broy smuggled Collins into G Division's archives in Brunswick Street, enabling him to identify "G-Men", seven of whom would be killed by the IRA.[8]

  • 30 July 1919 – the first assassination authorised by Collins was carried out when Detective Sergeant Patrick Smyth,[9] "the Dog", was shot near Drumcondra, Dublin.[10] Collins' Squad would continue targeting plainclothes G-men.
  • 12 September 1919 – Detective Daniel Hoey of DMP "G" Division killed by Michael Collins' "The Squad"
  • 19 October 1919 – Detective Michael Downing of DMP "G" Division killed
  • 29 November 1919 – Detective Sgt John Barton of DMP "G" Division killed by Michael Collins' "The Squad"
  • 21 January 1920 – RIC District Inspector William Redmond of DMP "G" Division killed by Michael Collins' "The Squad"
  • 14 April 1920 – saw the shooting of Detective Constable Harry Kells in Camden St Portobello, Dublin. He was rushed to the Meath Hospital where he died. Kells had been carrying out identity parades among the many republican inmates in Mountjoy Prison.[11] Over 100 people were arrested as a result.[12]
  • 20 April 1920 – Detective Laurence Dalton of "G" Division shot and killed

In November 1923, the division was merged with Oriel House, the Irish Free State Intelligence Department. The new Detective Branch was put under the control of Colonel David Neligan (see above). Neligan was by then the Director of Intelligence in the Free State Army.

References

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  1. ^ a b c Patrick Maume, ‘Mallon, John (1839–1915)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
  2. ^ Dukova, Anastasia (2016). A History of the Dublin Metropolitan Police and its Colonial Legacy (1 ed.). UK: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-137-55582-3. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  3. ^ Dukova, Anastasia (2016). A History of the Dublin Metropolitan Police and its Colonial Legacy (1 ed.). UK: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-137-55582-3. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  4. ^ Neligan, David (1968), The Spy in the Castle, MacGibbon & Kee, London, pg 172, SBN 261.62060.6
  5. ^ Christy Campbell, p.58-9
  6. ^ Cottrell, Peter (2006). The Anglo-Irish War: The Troubles of 1913-1922. Osprey Publishing. p. 66. ISBN 1846030234.
  7. ^ The Irish War: The Hidden Conflict between the IRA and British Intelligence by Tony Geraghty (ISBN 978-0801871177), p.336
  8. ^ Cottrell, op. cit., p.53.
  9. ^ Shooting 'The Dog' by Sean Ryan in History Ireland (Vol 27-n°4) pp 40-41 - July–August 2019
  10. ^ Mackay, James. Michael Collins: A Life
  11. ^ "Kavanagh Family". Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  12. ^ New York Times, 16 April 1920

Bibliography

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  • Abbotts, Richard, Police Casualties in Ireland 1914-1918 (Cork 2000)
  • Brewer, John D., The Royal Irish Constabulary: An Oral History (Belfast 1990)
  • Dukova, A. A History of the Dublin Metropolitan Police and Its Colonial Legacy (Palgrave Macmillan 2016)
  • Gaughan, J.A.(ed.), The Memoirs of Constable Jeremiah Mee RIC (Dublin 1973)
  • Herlihy, Jim, The Royal Irish Contabulary (Dublin 1997)
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