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Frank Richards (British Army soldier)

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Frank Richards a.k.a. Francis Philip Woodruff DCM, MM (7 April 1883 – 26 August 1961) was a World War I soldier and author. Born in Monmouthshire, he was orphaned at the age of nine, and was then brought up by his aunt and uncle in the Blaina area of the South Wales Valleys in industrial Monmouthshire. The uncle, his mother's twin brother, and surnamed Richards, adopted Frank who then changed his surname. During the 1890s Frank Richards worked as coal miner and joined Royal Welch Fusiliers in 1901, serving in the British Empire forces in British India under the British Raj and Burma from 1902 to 1909, after which he transferred to the reserves. He is best known as the author of one of the most widely acclaimed memoirs of the Great War to be written by a ranker, Old Soldiers Never Die.

Career

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Richards, an orphan, was brought up by his aunt and maternal uncle in Blaina, Monmouthshire, where, in the 1890s, he worked as a coal miner. His cousin David Thomas Richards (1883-1932) enlisted in the South Wales Borderers on 29 June 1898 and served in the Boer War. He visited his local recruitment sergeant in 1900, and tried to persuade him he was over 18 years old, but was told to come back in 12 months. A year later, he enlisted at Brecon. He joined the Royal Welch Fusiliers in April 1901 and served in India and Burma from 1902-09 when, having completed eight years with the colours, he transferred to the Army Reserve for the remaining four years of his twelve year enlistment. He extended his reserve service for a further four years in 1912.[1]

A reservist soldier when war broke out in August 1914, working as a timber assistant, Richards rejoined the 2nd Battalion Royal Welch Fusiliers, in which he remained for the duration of the war. It was while drinking in the bar of the Castle Hotel at Blaina that he heard the news of the outbreak of war.[2]

Remarkably, Richards saw action in virtually all of the major British campaigns on the Western Front without suffering any notable injury. The conditions in damp, unhealthy trenches had a detrimental effect upon his health.[3] In addi­tion to malaria and rheu­matism he had haemorrhoids, aggravated by the trench environment, which necessitated substantial surgery.[4] Unable to return to the coal mines following the war because of this decline in his physical health, Richards was obliged to earn his living from numerous temporary jobs.

Fifteen years after the close of the Great War, Richards published in 1933 his classic account of the war from the standpoint of the regular soldier. It differs in many ways from memoirs written by officers who joined the army specifically to serve in the war, and has been called "a brilliant insight into the life of a soldier in the early stages of the twentieth century".[2] Old Soldiers Never Die was written with the unaccredited assistance of fellow Royal Welch Fusilier Robert Graves, who advised on grammar, style and punctuation. It was an instant success and has never been out of print since. Graves and Siegfried Sassoon, another Royal Welch Fusilier, both receive approving mentions in the book, as do other officers.[5] Richards followed up Old Soldiers with another successful memoir, this time of his service in India, Old Soldier Sahib, in 1936.

Richards, who at no point rose above the rank of private during the war, refusing any offer of promotion, was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal and Military Medal. He was interviewed by the BBC for their classic multi-part documentary of the conflict, The Great War, in 1954. He enjoyed a drink and a bet and married late in life, to Mary James, having one daughter, Margaret.[6]

Frank Richards, who continued to correspond regularly with Robert Graves, died in 1961 at the age of 78.[4][7]

DCM, MM and books

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In 1933, he published his memoir Old Soldiers Never Die—with the help of Robert Graves—about his time on the Western Front, where he was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal and Military Medal. He always denied any element of bravery in his character, simply saying that he was doing his job.[3] His account of the Christmas Truce was the first to be published by a soldier who was not an officer.

In 1936, he published a second memoir, Old Soldier Sahib, covering his time in the British Army of India. Private Frank Richards aka "Big Dick" features in Captain J. C. Dunn's The War The Infantry Knew 1914-1919.

Books

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  • Richards, Frank (2003) [1936]. Old Soldier Sahib. Uckfield: The Naval and Military Press Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84342-558-8.
  • Richards, Frank (2009) [1933]. Old Soldiers Never Die. Uckfield: The Naval and Military Press Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84342-026-2.

References

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  1. ^ 6584 Frank Richards on Lives of the First World War
  2. ^ a b Gary Raymond (10 September 2016). "FRANK RICHARDS: RESURRECTION OF AN OLD SOLDIER". Wales Arts Review. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  3. ^ a b Carradice, Phil (2012). "Frank Richards: The Private Soldier in World War I".
  4. ^ a b Langley, David (6 April 2019). "Frank Richards (Old Soldiers Never Die & Old Soldier Sahib)". Private Frank Richards DCM, MM, 2RWF: the author. Great War Forum. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
  5. ^ Richards, Frank (1964). Old Soldiers Never Die. London: Faber & Faber Ltd. p. 31,69,93,109,131.
  6. ^ Major Holt; Mrs. Valmai Holt (14 May 2012). Major & Mrs HoltÍs Battlefield Guide to Ypres Salient and Passchendaele. Pen and Sword. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-85052-551-9.
  7. ^ Langley, David (April 2005). "Pte Frank Richards DCM, MM 2/Royal Welch Fusiliers". Stand To! (73). The Western Front Association: 29–31.
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