Tigridia

Tigridia
	Tigridia pavonia in Mexico
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Iridaceae
Subfamily:	Iridoideae
Tribe:	Tigridieae
Genus:	Tigridia; Juss.
Type species
	Tigridia pavonia; (L.f.) Redouté
Synonyms
	List Ainea Ravenna in Bot. Not. 132: 467 (1979); Beatonia Herb. in Bot. Mag. 66: t. 3779 (1840); Cardiostigma Baker in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 102 (1877); Colima (Ravenna) Aarón Rodr. & Ortiz-Cat. in Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 53 (2003); Fosteria Molseed in Brittonia 20: 232 (1968); Hydrotaenia Lindl. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 24(Misc.): 69 (1838); Pardinia Herb. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 30(Misc.): 66 (1844); Rigidella Lindl. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 26: t. 16 (1840); Sessilanthera Molseed & Cruden in Brittonia 21: 191 (1969); ;

Tigridia /taɪˈɡrɪdiə/,^[2] is a genus of bulbous or cormous flowering plants belonging to the family Iridaceae. With common names including peacock flowers,^[3] tiger-flowers or shell flowers, they have large showy flowers; and one species, Tigridia pavonia, is often cultivated for this. The approximately 60 species in this family grow in the Americas, from Mexico down to Chile.^[1]

The tigridia flower is short lived, each often blooming for only one day, but often several flowers will bloom from the same stalk. Usually they are dormant during the winter dry-season. The roots are edible and were eaten by the Aztecs of Mexico who called it cacomitl, and its flower ocēlōxōchitl "jaguar flower".^[4]

It was first published by French botanist Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in his book Genera plantarum on page 57 in 1789.^[1]

The genus name Tigridia means "tiger-like", and alludes to the coloration and spotting of the flowers of the type species Tigridia pavonia.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Species

There are 60 species accepted by Plants of the World Online;^[1]

Tigridia albicans Ravenna - Tacna Province in Peru
Tigridia alpestris Molseed - Mexico
Tigridia amatlanensis Aarón Rodr. & García-Mend - Oaxaca
Tigridia arequipensis Montesinos, A.Pauca & Revilla
Tigridia augusta Drapiez - central + southern Mexico
Tigridia bicolor Molseed - Oaxaca
Tigridia catarinensis Cruden - San Luis Potosí
Tigridia chiapensis Molseed ex Cruden - Chiapas
Tigridia chrysantha Cruden & S.J.Walker ex McVaugh - Jalisco
Tigridia citrina (Cruden) Goldblatt
Tigridia coerulea Goldblatt
Tigridia convoluta (Ravenna) Goldblatt - Oaxaca
Tigridia conzattii (R.C.Foster) Goldblatt - Oaxaca
Tigridia dugesii S.Watson - Jalisco
Tigridia durangense Molseed ex Cruden - Durango
Tigridia ehrenbergii (Schltdl.) Molseed - Mexico
Tigridia estelae López-Ferr. & Espejo - Durango
Tigridia flammea (Lindl.) Ravenna - Michoacán
Tigridia fosteri Goldblatt
Tigridia galanthoides Molseed - southern Mexico
Tigridia gracielae Aarón Rodr. & Ortiz-Cat. - México State
Tigridia hallbergii Molseed - central + southern Mexico, Guatemala
Tigridia heliantha (Ravenna) Goldblatt
Tigridia hintonii Molseed - Guerrero
Tigridia huajuapanensis Molseed ex Cruden - Oaxaca
Tigridia huyanae (J.F.Macbr.) Ravenna - Lima Province in Peru
Tigridia illecebrosa Cruden - central + southern Mexico
Tigridia immaculata (Herb.) Ravenna - Oaxaca, Chiapas, Guatemala
Tigridia inusitata (Cruden) Ravenna - Guerrero
Tigridia latifolia (Weath.) Goldblatt
Tigridia longispatha (Herb.) Goldblatt
Tigridia mariaetrinitatis Espejo & López-Ferr. - Oaxaca
Tigridia martinezii Calderón - Hidalgo
Tigridia matudae Molseed - México State
Tigridia meleagris (Lindl.) G.Nicholson - central + southern Mexico, Guatemala
Tigridia mexicana Molseed - central + southern Mexico
Tigridia minuta Ravenna - Apurímac + Ayacucho Provinces in Peru
Tigridia molseediana Ravenna - Oaxaca, Guatemala
Tigridia mortonii Molseed - México State
Tigridia multiflora (Baker) Ravenna - central + southern Mexico
Tigridia oaxacana (Molseed) Goldblatt - Oaxaca
Tigridia orthantha (Lem.) Ravenna - Oaxaca, Chiapas, Guatemala
Tigridia pavonia (L.f.) Redouté - Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras
Tigridia pearcei (Baker) Ravenna - Huánuco region in Peru
Tigridia philippiana I.M.Johnst. - Tarapacá + Antofagasta Provinces in Chile
Tigridia potosina López-Ferr. & Espejo - San Luis Potosí
Tigridia pugana Aarón Rodr. & Ortiz-Cat. - Jalisco
Tigridia pulchella B.L.Rob. - Jalisco, Michoacán
Tigridia purpusii Molseed - Puebla
Tigridia purruchucana (Herb.) Ravenna - Lima Province in Peru
Tigridia raimondii Ravenna - Arequipa Province in Peru
Tigridia rzedowskiana Aarón Rodr. & Ortiz-Cat. - Querétaro
Tigridia seleriana (Loes.) Ravenna - Oaxaca, Chiapas, Guatemala
Tigridia suarezii Aarón Rodr. & Ortiz-Cat. - Jalisco
Tigridia tepoxtlana Ravenna - Morelos
Tigridia tuitensis (Aarón Rodr. & Ortiz-Cat.) Goldblatt
Tigridia vanhouttei(Baker) Espejo & López-Ferr - central + northeastern Mexico
Tigridia venusta Cruden - Michoacán
Tigridia violacea Schiede ex Schltdl. - central + southern Mexico

Hybrids

Several hybrids exist, including; Tigridia × mathewii J.M.H.Shaw, first published in Phytoneuron 2015-53: 4 in 2015. It is an artificial hybrid, a cross of T. orthantha × T. pavonia.^[8]

Distribution

They are native to the countries (and regions) of; northern Chile, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico and Peru.^[1]

They have been introduced into: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Madeira.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Tigridia Juss. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Tigridia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
^ Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater. 1994. Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. 6: i–xvi, 1–543. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F.
^ Manning, John; Goldblatt, Peter (2008). The Iris Family: Natural History & Classification. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 253–56. ISBN 978-0-88192-897-6.
^ Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. (eds.) 2011. Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 9–939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín
^ Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1952. Iridaceae. In Flora of Guatemala - Part III. Fieldiana, Botany 24(3): 159–178
^ "Tigridia × mathewii J.M.H.Shaw | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 30 October 2023.

Other sources

Rodriguez, A. and K. Sytsma. 2006. Phylogeny of the "Tiger-flower" group (Tigrideae: Iridaceae): Molecular and morphological evidence. Pp. 412–424, in J.T. Columbus, E.A. Friar, J.M. Porter, L.M. Prince and M.G. Simpson (eds.). Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution, Vol. 1. Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont.

[Powo-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Tigridia Juss. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 30 October 2023.

[2] Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607

[3] USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Tigridia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 10 December 2015.

[4] Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater. 1994. Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. 6: i–xvi, 1–543. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F.

[Goldblatt2008-5] Manning, John; Goldblatt, Peter (2008). The Iris Family: Natural History & Classification. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 253–56. ISBN 978-0-88192-897-6.

[6] Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. (eds.) 2011. Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 9–939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín

[7] Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1952. Iridaceae. In Flora of Guatemala - Part III. Fieldiana, Botany 24(3): 159–178

[8] "Tigridia × mathewii J.M.H.Shaw | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 30 October 2023.

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