File:Xanthine dehydrogenase.svg

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Summary

Description

English: Xanthine dehydrogenase (EC 1.17.1.4) catalyzes the following chemical reaction:

xanthine + NAD⁺ + H₂O $\rightleftharpoons$ urate + NADH + H⁺

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References

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Corte ED, Stirpe F (1972). "The regulation of rat liver xanthine oxidase. Involvement of thiol groups in the conversion of the enzyme activity from dehydrogenase (type D) into oxidase (type O) and purification of the enzyme". Biochem. J. 126 (3): 739–45. PMID 4342395. PMC: 1178433.
Parzen SD, Fox AS (1964). "Purification of Xanthine Dehydrogenase from Drosophila Melanogaster". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 92: 465–71. DOI:10.1016/0926-6569(64)90006-9. PMID 14264879.
Rajagopalan KV, Handler P (1967). "Purification and properties of chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase". J. Biol. Chem. 242 (18): 4097–107. PMID 4294045.
Smith ST, Rajagopalan KV, Handler P (1967). "Purification and properties of xanthine dehydroganase from Micrococcus lactilyticus". J. Biol. Chem. 242 (18): 4108–17. PMID 6061702.
Parschat K, Canne C, Huttermann J, Kappl R, Fetzner S (2001). "Xanthine dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida 86: specificity, oxidation-reduction potentials of its redox-active centers, and first EPR characterization". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1544 (1–2): 151–65. DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00214-4. PMID 11341925.
N, Nishino T (1993). "Cloning of the cDNA encoding human xanthine dehydrogenase (oxidase): structural analysis of the protein and chromosomal location of the gene". Gene. 133 (2): 279–84. DOI:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90652-J. PMID 8224915.
Enroth C, Eger BT, Okamoto K, Nishino T, Nishino T, Pai EF (2000). "Crystal structures of bovine milk xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase: Structure-based mechanism of conversion". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (20): 10723–8. DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.20.10723. PMID 11005854. PMC: 27090.
(1 January 2002). "Crystal structures of the active and alloxanthine-inhibited forms of xanthine dehydrogenase from Rhodobacter capsulatus". S Structure. (1): 115–25. DOI:10.1016/S0969-2126(01)00697-9. PMID 11796116.
Hille R (1996). "The Mononuclear Molybdenum Enzymes". Chem. Rev. 96 (7): 2757–2816. DOI:10.1021/cr950061t. PMID 11848841.
Meneshian A, Bulkley GB (2002). "The physiology of endothelial xanthine oxidase: from urate catabolism to reperfusion injury to inflammatory signal transduction". Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994) 9 (3): 161–75. DOI:10.1038/sj.mn.7800136. PMID 12080414.
Xu P, Huecksteadt TP, Harrison R, Hoidal JR (1995). "Molecular cloning, tissue expression of human xanthine dehydrogenase". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 215 (1): 429. DOI:10.1006/bbrc.1995.2482. PMID 7575623.
Xu P (1995). "Assignment of human xanthine dehydrogenase gene to chromosome 2p22". Genomics 23 (1): 289–91. DOI:10.1006/geno.1994.1498. PMID 7829092.
Minoshima S (1994). "Mapping of the gene for human xanthine dehydrogenase (oxidase) (XDH) to band p23 of chromosome 2". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 68 (1–2): 52–3. DOI:10.1159/000133887. PMID 7956358.
Rytkönen EM (1994). "The human gene for xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is localized on chromosome band 2q22". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 68 (1–2): 61–3. DOI:10.1159/000133890. PMID 7956361.
Xu P, Huecksteadt TP, Harrison R, Hoidal JR (1994). "Molecular cloning, tissue expression of human xanthine dehydrogenase". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 199 (2): 998–1004. DOI:10.1006/bbrc.1994.1328. PMID 8135849.
Ichida K (1993). "Cloning of the cDNA encoding human xanthine dehydrogenase (oxidase): structural analysis of the protein and chromosomal location of the gene". Gene 133 (2): 279–84. DOI:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90652-J. PMID 8224915.
Satoh A, Sasago S, Takahashi S, Kato N (1993). "Regulation of xanthine dehydrogenase in rat liver in response to peroxisome proliferators". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 195 (2): 751–7. DOI:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2109. PMID 8373410.
Xu P, Huecksteadt TP, Hoidal JR (1997). "Molecular cloning and characterization of the human xanthine dehydrogenase gene (XDH)". Genomics 34 (2): 173–80. DOI:10.1006/geno.1996.0262. PMID 8661045.
Saksela M, Raivio KO (1996). "Cloning and expression in vitro of human xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase". Biochem. J. 315 (Pt 1): 235–9. PMID 8670112. PMC: 1217176.
Many A, Westerhausen-Larson A, Kanbour-Shakir A, Roberts JM (1996). "Xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase is present in human placenta". Placenta 17 (5–6): 361–5. DOI:10.1016/S0143-4004(96)90061-2. PMID 8829220.
Hellsten Y (1997). "Xanthine oxidase in human skeletal muscle following eccentric exercise: a role in inflammation". J. Physiol. (Lond.) 498 (Pt 1): 239–48. PMID 9023782. PMC: 1159248.
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Date

3 February 2015

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J3D3

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File:Xanthine dehydrogenase.svg

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