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English: Distribution of macular pigments constituent carotenoids presented in scale onto a photograph of a healthy human retina.

This figure presents the distribution of macular pigments constituent carotenoids meso-zeaxanthin, zeaxanthin and lutein on a healthy human retina. The sources used to generate this figure, which guided on the localization of the carotenoids, and are summarized as follows:

Published studies:

  1. Bone RA, Landrum JT, Dixon Z, Chen Y, Lerena CM. Lutein and zeaxanthin in the eyes, serum and diet of human subjects. Experimental Eye Research. 2000;71:239-245.
  2. Nolan JM, Akkali MC, Loughman J, Howard AN, Beatty S. Macular carotenoid supplementation in subjects with atypical spatial profiles of macular pigment. Exp Eye Res. 2012;101:9-15.
  3. Sabour-Pickett S, Beatty S, Connolly E, et al. Supplementation with three different macular carotenoid formulations in patients with early age-related macular degeneration. Retina. 2014;34:1757-1766.
  4. Akuffo KO, Nolan JM, Howard AN, et al. Sustained supplementation and monitored response with differing carotenoid formulations in early age-related macular degeneration. Eye (Lond). 2015;29:902-912.

Online Sources:

  1. Britton G, Liaaen-Jensen S, Pfander H. Interpretation of Stereo Ocular Angiography: Retinal and Choroidal Anatomy. Springer Science and Business Media. 2009; 301.
  2. Yanoff M. Ocular Pathology. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2009; 393.
  3. Small RG. The Clinical Handbook of Ophthalmology. CRC Press. 1994; 134.
  4. Peyman GA, Meffert SA, Chou F, Conway MD. Vitreoretinal Surgical Techniques. CRC Press. 2000; 6
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Author Macularcarotenoids

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24 February 2016

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Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current03:31, 22 November 2017Thumbnail for version as of 03:31, 22 November 20173,200 × 4,500 (17.69 MB)NagualdesignImproved text and scaled down to 3200px × 4500px (excessive size of previous upload was causing issues when trying to view at full-size).
14:12, 24 February 2016Thumbnail for version as of 14:12, 24 February 201610,558 × 14,932 (50.26 MB)MacularcarotenoidsCross-wiki upload from en.wikipedia.org

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