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File:Askaris im Warschauer Getto - 1943.jpg

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Summary

Photographer
Unknown authorUnknown author (Franz Konrad confessed to taking some of the photographs, the rest was probably taken by photographers from Propaganda Kompanie nr 689.[1][2])
Original caption
Original or archival image caption, which may be erroneous, biased, obsolete or politically extreme.
German:
Askaris, die mit eingesetzt waren

Askaris assigned to the operation
title QS:P1476,de:"Askaris, die mit eingesetzt waren"
label QS:Lde,"Askaris, die mit eingesetzt waren"
label QS:Len,"Askaris assigned to the operation"
label QS:Lpl,"Askarzy, z którymi współdziałano"
Description
Deutsch: Zwei Askaris oder Trawnikis als Vertreter sog. „fremdvölkischer Hilfseinheiten“ der SS stehen vor den Leichen getöteter Juden in einem Hauseingang im Warschauer Ghetto.
English: Two "Askaris" or "Trawnikis" as representatives of the so-called "foreign subsidiary ethnic divisions" SS before the corpses of Jews in the doorway of the Warsaw Ghetto. The unit trained in village of Trawniki was made up of Ukrainians, Russians, Belorussians, Poles, Estonians, Lithuanians, Latvians, ethnic Germans, Kazakhs and Tartars.
Polski: Dwóch żołnierzy kolaboranckich jednostek pomocniczych przy ciałach zamordowanych Żydów przed kamienicą przy Kupieckiej 18. Stroop nazywał te jednostki askarysami, co było aluzją do walczących za Cesarza Wilhelma II żołnierzy tubylców w koloniach niemieckich. W tłumieniu getta uczestniczyły pomocnicze oddziały ukraińskie i łotewskie. W tym drugim przypadku były to dwa bataliony łotewskiej policji (22 i 272).[3] Także batalion sowieckich jeńców wojennych znany jako Trawniki-Männer lub SS-Streibelbataillon Trawniki-Männer brał udział w w likwidacji getta warszawskiego.
Depicted place Zamenhofa 42 / Kupiecka 18 [4]
Date between 19 April 1943 and 16 May 1943
date QS:P571,+1943-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1319,+1943-04-19T00:00:00Z/11,P1326,+1943-05-16T00:00:00Z/11
Accession number
NARA copy Nr.42
References
Source https://research.archives.gov/description/6003996
Other versions
Placement in the original document:
NARA copy page #42

Book

The Jewish Quarter of Warsaw is No More!  Template:Stroop Report
Author
Jürgen Stroop
image of artwork listed in title parameter on this page
Title
German:
Es gibt keinen jüdischen Wohnbezirk in Warschau mehr!

The Jewish Quarter of Warsaw is No More!
title QS:P1476,de:"Es gibt keinen jüdischen Wohnbezirk in Warschau mehr!"
label QS:Lde,"Es gibt keinen jüdischen Wohnbezirk in Warschau mehr!"
label QS:Len,"The Jewish Quarter of Warsaw is No More!"
label QS:Lpl,"Żydowska dzielnica mieszkaniowa w Warszawie już nie istnieje!"
Description
Deutsch: Niederschlagung des Aufstandes im Warschauer Ghetto. Foto von Jürgen Stroop in einem Bericht an Heinrich Himmler vom Mai 1943.
English: Stroop Report: a report written by Jürgen Stroop for Heinrich Himmler about liquidation of Warsaw Ghetto in May 1943.
Polski: Raport Stroopa: raport z maja 1943, napisany przez Jürgena Stroopa do Heinricha Himmlera na temat likwidacji getta warszawskiego.
עברית: דו"ח סטרופ, נכתב על ידי יורגן סטרופ להיינריך הימלר על דיכוי המרד בגטו ורשה במאי 1943
Language German
NARA copy:
institution QS:P195,Q518155
Warsaw copy:
institution QS:P195,Q705173
Accession number
  • Warsaw copy: Source Record ID: 238-IMT-1061PS-Box 21-22
  • NARA copy: Source Record ID: 4/202z-Inv.4498
Publication date May 1943
date QS:P,+1943-05-00T00:00:00Z/10
Dimensions height: 30 cm (11.8 in); width: 22 cm (8.6 in)
dimensions QS:P2048,30U174728
dimensions QS:P2049,22U174728
Object history
  • 1943: Three leather bound albums were created for Heinrich Himmler, Friedrich Krueger and Jürgen Stroop, and one unbound file copy of the report (das Konzept) remained in Warsaw, in the care of Chief of Staff Jesuiter.[5]
  • 1945: According to statement given in 1945 by Stroop's adjutant Karl Kaleshke, to US authorities in Wiesbaden, he ordered Stroops copy of the report burnt with other secret documents in Burg Kranzberg.[1]
  • 1945: After the war only two of the four copies were discovered, those belonging to Himler and Jesuiter.[2] Himler's copy went to Seventh Army Intelligence Center (SAIC) and Jesuiter's to Military Intelligence Research Section (MIRS) in London.[1] Several sources stated that German Bundesarchiv also had a copy in Koblenz.[6][7][2] However, in reply to inquiries by Richard Raskin, Bundesarchiv stated that third copy of report was never in their possession.[5]
  • November 1945: Both copies were exhibited at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg in November 1945, sharing the document number 1061-PS, and used in the trial as “US Exhibit 275”.[5]
  • 1947: Both copies were used at International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg in the trial of Oswald Pohl as exhibit 503.
  • 10 June 1948: Himler/SAIC copy of the Stroop report and Katzmann Report were handed over by Fred Niebergal, head of Office of Chief of Counsel for War Crimes – OCCWC, to Bernard Acht, head of Polish Military Mission in Nuremberg.[1]
  • 1948: Jesuiter/MIRS copy of the report went to National Archives (NARA) in Washington, D.C., where it remains.[5]
  • July 1951: The Warsaw (Himler/SAIC) copy of the report was used in Jürgen Stroop trial at Warsaw Criminal District Court,[2] and transferred afterwards to KC PZPR archive.[1]
  • 1952: The Warsaw copy is transferred to "Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich w Polsce" and it successor Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu where it remains. [1]
References

Text of the report and the photographs can be found at:

References
  1. ↑ a b c d e f Tomasz Stempowski. Zdjęcia z powstania w getcie. fototekst.pl. Retrieved on October 8, 2013.
  2. ↑ a b c d Jürgen Stroop (2009) Andrzej Żbikowski , ed. Żydowska dzielnica mieszkaniowa w Warszawie już nie istnieje! / Es gibt keinen jüdischen Wohnbezirk in Warschau mehr!, Warsaw: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Żydowski Instytut Historyczny, pp. 10−18
  3. ↑ http://warszawa.wyborcza.pl/warszawa/56,95080,17773584,stroop-i-askarysi,,8.html
  4. ↑ http://warszawa.fotopolska.eu/14856,foto.html?o=b3904&p=1
  5. ↑ a b c d Richard Raskin (2004) A Child at Gunpoint: A Case Study in the Life of a Photo, Aarhus University Press
  6. ↑ Yad Vashem Photo Archive
  7. ↑ United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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Licensing

Public domain
This photograph is in the public domain because according to the Art. 3 of copyright law of March 29, 1926 of the Republic of Poland and Art. 2 of copyright law of July 10, 1952 of the People's Republic of Poland, all photographs by Polish photographers (or published for the first time in Poland or simultaneously in Poland and abroad) published without a clear copyright notice before the law was changed on May 23, 1994 are assumed to be in the public domain in Poland.

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it meets three requirements:

  1. it was first published outside the United States (and not published in the U.S. within 30 days),
  2. it was first published before 1 March 1989 without copyright notice or before 1964 without copyright renewal or before the source country established copyright relations with the United States,
  3. it was in the public domain in its home country (Poland) on the URAA date (1 January 1996).
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This applies to the European Union and those countries with a copyright term of 70 years after the work was made available to the public and the author never disclosed their identity.
Important: Always mention where the image comes from, as far as possible, and make sure the author never claimed authorship.
Note: In Germany and possibly other countries, certain anonymous works published before July 1, 1995 are copyrighted until 70 years after the death of the author. See Übergangsrecht. Please use this template only if the author never claimed authorship or their authorship never became public in any other way. If the work is anonymous or pseudonymous (e.g., published only under a corporate or organization's name), use this template for images published more than 70 years ago. For a work made available to the public in the United Kingdom, please use Template:PD-UK-unknown instead.
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This work is considered public domain in the United States because its copyright was owned or administered by the Alien Property Custodian and the copyright in the source country is or was owned by a government or instrumentality thereof. The above provision is contained in 17 U.S.C. § 104A(a)(2).

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This image has been assessed under the valued image criteria and is considered the most valued image on Commons within the scope: Auxiliaries during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. You can see its nomination here.

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Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current12:08, 11 October 2013Thumbnail for version as of 12:08, 11 October 20131,816 × 1,319 (645 KB)Jarekthigher resolution image from http://research.archives.gov/description/6003996#18
08:07, 10 April 2007Thumbnail for version as of 08:07, 10 April 2007638 × 450 (113 KB)Jaro.p~commonswikiTwo Ukrainian members of the SS, known as "Askaris," peer into a doorway past the bodies of Jews killed during the suppression of the Warsaw ghetto uprising. The original German caption reads: "Askaris used during the operation." Photo credit: Polish Nat

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