File:TAAR1 Dopamine.svg

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	This is a quality image and is considered to meet the quality image guidelines. This image has been assessed under the valued image criteria and is considered the most valued image on Commons within the scope amphetamine pharmacodynamics. See its nomination here.

Summary

DescriptionTAAR1 Dopamine.svg	English: This is an illustration of a dopamine neuron with colocalized trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) and the effects of a TAAR1 agonist (amphetamine or a trace amine like phenethylamine) on dopamine reuptake and effluxion. In technical terms, this is the pharmacodynamics of amphetamine and phenethylamine in this type of neuron. This model was based upon information from the three following sources: Wimalasena K (July 2011). "Vesicular monoamine transporters: structure-function, pharmacology, and medicinal chemistry". Med Res Rev 31 (4): 483–519. doi:10.1002/med.20187. PMC 3019297. PMID 20135628 Miller GM (January 2011). "The emerging role of trace amine-associated receptor 1 in the functional regulation of monoamine transporters and dopaminergic activity". J. Neurochem. 116 (2): 164–176. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07109.x. PMC 3005101. PMID 21073468. Eiden LE, Weihe E (January 2011). "VMAT2: a dynamic regulator of brain monoaminergic neuronal function interacting with drugs of abuse". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1216: 86–98. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05906.x. PMID 21272013. Supplemental citation with additional coverage of VMAT2 inhibition by phenethylamine: Offermanns, Stefan; (eds.), Walter Rosenthal (2008). Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology (2nd ed. ed.). Berlin: Springer. pp. 1219–1222. ISBN 3540389164. In this diagram, amphetamine enters the presynaptic neuron across the neuronal membrane or through the dopamine transporter (DAT). Once inside, it binds to TAAR1 or enters synaptic vesicles through vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). When amphetamine or a trace amine binds to TAAR1, it reduces postsynaptic dopamine neuron firing rate (via mechanisms that are not shown) and triggers protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, resulting in DAT phosphorylation. Phosphorylated DAT then either operates in reverse or withdraws into the presynaptic neuron and ceases transport. When amphetamine or a trace amine enters the synaptic vesicles through VMAT2, dopamine is released into the cytosol (light tan area).
Date	Original version:17 February 2014 Current version: 5 April 2017
Source	Own work
Author	Seppi333
Other versions	PNG version: File:TAAR1 Amphetamine Dopamine.png

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File history

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	Date/Time	Dimensions	User	Comment
current	23:25, 5 April 2017	725 × 920 (202 KB)	Seppi333	fixed text rendering issue from the last upload
	23:18, 5 April 2017	725 × 920 (202 KB)	Seppi333	Fixed a minor error in a label
	06:55, 29 January 2016	725 × 920 (202 KB)	Seppi333	tweak wording
	08:26, 17 April 2015	725 × 920 (203 KB)	Seppi333	Changing the color of the cytosol for consistency with File:ΔFosB.svg; no other changes made.
	04:38, 1 March 2014	725 × 920 (203 KB)	Seppi333	Fix text glitch
	01:59, 1 March 2014	725 × 920 (203 KB)	Seppi333	Fix graphics glitch
	01:57, 1 March 2014	725 × 920 (195 KB)	Seppi333	more tweaks
	01:52, 1 March 2014	725 × 920 (203 KB)	Seppi333	FP feedback tweaks
	21:22, 25 February 2014	725 × 920 (191 KB)	Seppi333	Cropping width...hoping for no more bugs
	21:12, 25 February 2014	740 × 915 (181 KB)	Seppi333	+1 more to the massive column of files I've uploaded (attempt to fix edge clipping)