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◦ This Diagram shows the specific immune response of a common mammal ◦ It involves the primary introduction of a pathogen and the second exposure to the same pathogen. ◦ Body cells shown with a thick green membrane are solely active in antibody-mediated immunity, while ones with thick blue borders only perform cell-mediated immunity. The rest serve both types. • Key: ◦ grey arrow=action before primary infection ◦ green arrow or crosses=action during primary infection ◦ blue arrow or crosses=action during secondary infection ◦ tailed arrow=lysing of pathogen ◦ yellow triangles=primary infection antigens ◦ purpled bordered triangles=secondary infection antigens ◦ pinkish cells=B-cells ◦ Yellowish cells=T-cells ◦ Crosses=antibodies

1. Anywhere inside of the body 2. Bone produces stem B-cells and stem T-cells in the marrow (red) 3. The Thymus gland, which receives stem T-cells and processes them into helper and cytotoxic T-cells 4. An unknown pathogen cell enters the body through and orifice or break in the skin 5. A Macrophage devours a pathogen cell killing it and holding on to its antigens 6. A stem T-cell 7. A helper T-cell is stimulated and records the specific antigen caught by the macrophage 8. An Active cytotoxic T-cell is created either by recognizing free antigens or antigens from the helper T-cell. It attaches to the pathogen/malignant cell and lyses it. 9. The previously active helper T-cell becomes a memory helper T-cell for future attacks by the same pathogen 10. A B-cell attaches to free antigens or is stimulated by the helper T-cell and becomes a plasma B-cell (like Pokémon evolution) 11. The active plasma B-cell secretes antibodies, which attach to the pathogen cell. A chain protein then attaches to the antibody and with its other sharp end, stabs the pathogen therefore lysing it 12. A memory B-cell can also result from an activated B-cell. This cell memorizes the pathogen's antigens for a faster immune response in the future. 13. The same pathogen enters the cell in a secondary infection 14. Either through the memory helper T-cell or directly the antigens from the pathogen stimulate this Memory T-cell, which formed from a cytotoxic T-cell after it recognized the antigens in the first response. This memory T-cell then activates cytotoxic T-cells. 12. The memory B-cell created in the first response can be activated by the memory helper T-cell or directly by free antigens and then activates plasma B-cells. Description:

A specific immune response is one where the body identifies, destroys, and remembers certain invaders by their antigens. This allows for a faster and more specialized removal of the pathogen during the second infection. The non-specific response includes the barrier of epithelial cells, phagocytic cells, neutrophils, phagocytic cells, and much more. At first a pathogenic bacteria/virus like Variola virus enters the body through an orifice or break in the skin, and is the targeted by the non-specific immune responders like natural killer cells. Then it is targeted by the specific immune responders as blood flow increases to the infection site causing inflammation. This allows a greater concentration of responders. As the pathogen is killed/lysed a substance called pus, which is the dead remnants of pathogens, may build up, especially when the pathogen has broken through skin. The major difference in the two types of immunity is that specific immunity has antigen-dependent immunity and pathogenic memory while non-specific has neither.