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File:Samudramanthana - the Churning of the Ocean of Milk.jpg

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Description
English: Folio of an episode from the Puranas: Samudramanthana - the Churning of the Ocean of Milk. Maharashtra, circa 1800. Opaque watercolour with gold on wasli. Folio 35.4 x 20.4cm; image 10.8 x 17.4cm

This folio is of particlarly high quality for Maharashtran painting. The text is in Marathi, the script Devanagari.

The Churning of the Ocean of Milk (sometimes known as the Cosmic Ccean) features in Bhagavata Purana, the Mahabharata and the Vishnu Purana.

Published: Dieux,Tigres et Amours: Miniatures Indiennes du XVe au XXe siecle: collection d'Oscar Leneman. Patrick Carré, Seuil, Paris,1993, pp.84-85
Date
Source http://www.indianminiaturepaintings.co.uk/Maharashtra_Churning_Ocean_21-41011.html
Author Unknown authorUnknown author

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This work is in the public domain in India because its term of copyright has expired.

The Indian Copyright Act applies in India to works first published in India. According to the Indian Copyright Act, 1957, as amended up to Act No. 27 of 2012 (Chapter V, Section 25):

  • Anonymous works, photographs, cinematographic works, sound recordings, government works, and works of corporate authorship or of international organizations enter the public domain 60 years after the date on which they were first published, counted from the beginning of the following calendar year (i.e. as of 2024, works published prior to 1 January 1964 are considered public domain).
  • Posthumous works (other than those above) enter the public domain after 60 years from publication date, counted from the beginning of the following calendar year.
  • Any kind of work other than the above enters the public domain 60 years after the author's death (or in the case of a multi-author work, the death of the last surviving author), counted from the beginning of the following calendar year.
  • Text of laws, judicial opinions, and other government reports are free from copyright.
The Indian Copyright Act, 1957 is not retroactive, so any work in which copyright did not subsist when it commenced did not have its copyright restored, and is in the public domain per the Copyright Act 1911.

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