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THE NAZARI KINGDOM OF GRANADA (1232-1492)

The last muslim state in the Iberian Peninsula survived for two centuries and a half, but only as a tributary of Castile. Most of its tribute was paid in gold as pariahs.

The last muslim threat to the Christian kingdoms was thr rise of the Marinids in Morocco during the 14th century, who took Granada into their sphere of influence and occupied some of its cities, like Algeciras. However, they where unable to take Tarifa, which helf out until the arrival of the Castilian Army led by Alfonso XI. The Castilian king, helped by Portugal and Aragón, decisively defeated the Marinids ar the Battle of Río Salado in 1340 and took Algeciras in 1344. Gibraltar, then under Granadian rule, was besieged in 1349-1350, Alfonso XI along with most of his army perished by the Black death. His sucessor, Pedro of castile, made peace with the Muslims and turned his attention to Christian lands, starting a period of almost 150 years of rebellions and wars between the Christian states that secured the survival of Granada.

Following the peace treaty made with King Pedro of Castile, Granada was guarantees virtual self-goverment and its population, freedom of movement, complete religious freedom and even a three year exemption from taxes after the surrender.

In 1469 the wedding between Fernando de Aragón and Isabel de Castilla signallied the launching of the final assault of Granada, a campaign carefully planned and well financed, The king and Queen convinvced the Pope to declare their war a crusade. The Christians crushed one centre of resistance after another and finally, in January 1492, after a long siege, the moorish king of Gharnatah (Granada), Muhammad abu Abdallah (Boabdil "el chico"), surrended the portress palace, the reknown Alhambra, itself.