This work was created or published on territory of the Ukrainian State between 29 April 1918 and 14 December 1918, and wasn't re-published for 30 days following initial publication in another country.

The Ukrainian People's Republic, Ukrainian SSR, and the modern nation of Ukraine are the historical heirs, but not legal successors of the Ukrainian State, and Ukrainian State was not party to the Berne Convention, nor did it even have a copyright law,¹ so according to article 5 of the Convention this work has no country of origin except:

• in the case of cinematographic work the maker of which has his headquarters or his habitual residence in a country of the Union, the country of origin shall be that country,
• in the case of of architecture erected in a country of the Union or other artistic works incorporated in a building or other structure located in a country of the Union, the country of origin shall be that country,
• in the case of other works if the author is a national of a country of the Union,² the country of origin shall be that country.

---

¹ - Vizhichanina, Liliya. ІСТОРІЯ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ АВТОРСЬКОГО ПРАВА У СВІТІ ТА В УКРАЇНІ (in Ukrainian). Kherson Regional Universal Scientific Library named after Olesya Honchara. Retrieved on 2024-01-31.

² - Author who is not a national of a country of the Union but who has his habitual residence in a country of the Union, be assimilated to national of that country.