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File:Photo of Mark Kaminsky circa 1960 or prior.jpg

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Photo_of_Mark_Kaminsky_circa_1960_or_prior.jpg (205 × 350 pixels, file size: 66 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

Summary

Description
English: Photograph of Mark Kaminsky, which was published via various wire agencies
Date circa 1960
date QS:P,+1960-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1480,Q5727902
Source Multiple newspapers; see "Publications" section
Author UnknownUnknown photographer; published via AP Wirephoto/AP Photofox, UPI Telephoto, and NEA (Newspaper Enterprise Association) Telephoto

Publications

  • The Waco News-Tribune (Waco, Texas), front page, 20 September 1960 – (Credit: UPI Telephoto)
  • The Telegraph-Herald (Dubuque, Iowa), page six, 18 September 1960 – (Credit: AP Photofax)
  • Fort Madison Evening Democrat (Fort Madison, Iowa), front page, 17 October 1960 – (Credit: NEA Telephoto)

Lack of notice

The image was published in newspapers without copyright notice as shown in all versions, which was required by the Copyright Act of 1909, which should have contained three elements:

  1. The symbol © (letter C in a circle); the word “Copyright”; or the abbreviation “Copr.”
  2. "The year of first publication. If the work is a derivative work or a compilation incorporating previously published material, the year date of first publication of the derivative work or compilation is sufficient. Examples of derivative works are translations or dramatizations; an example of a compilation is an anthology. The year may be omitted when a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work, with accompanying textual matter, if any, is reproduced in or on greeting cards, postcards, stationery, jewelry, dolls, toys, or useful articles."
    This was not required for copyrighted photos published before 1978 under Copyright Act 1909, and omission of date may have been irrelevant to such works. However, Copyright Act of 1976 came into effect and then has applied to copyrighted materials published before 1978. Year has become required for works published before 1978. Consequently, pre-1973 copyrighted photos without a year of copyright and registration and required mandatory deposit into the Copyright Office lost copyright protection and then fell already into the public domain.
  3. The name of the copyright owner, an abbreviation by which the name can be recognized, or a generally known alternative designation of owner.
    Example © 2007 Jane Doe.

See http://www.copyright.gov/history/1909act.pdf for older rules that apply to pre-1978 works without required notice. See more at Appendix A of the Copyright Act of 1976: http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92appa.pdf.

Even when an actual file copy must have contained a copyright notice, the copyright renewal registration, required for pre-1964 works, was not found at copyright.gov; search terms related to wire agencies and the pictured subject were attempted without avail. Therefore, copyright must have expired in 1988 or beforehand.

Also, the image is not found at either Getty Images or AP Images.

Other notes

Film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):

Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary.

The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55:

There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them.

Creative Clearance-Publicity photos archive copy at the Wayback Machine"

Publicity Photos (star headshots) older publicity stills have usually not been copyrighted and since they have been disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain and therefore there is no necessity to clear them with the studio that produced them (if you can even determine who did).

Licensing

Public domain
This work is in the public domain because it was published in the United States between 1929 and 1963, and although there may or may not have been a copyright notice, the copyright was not renewed. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart and the copyright renewal logs.

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File history

Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.

Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current11:53, 22 January 2018Thumbnail for version as of 11:53, 22 January 2018205 × 350 (66 KB)George Hocropping out areas
11:50, 22 January 2018Thumbnail for version as of 11:50, 22 January 2018477 × 549 (190 KB)George Housing a copy from The Telegraph-Herald
11:48, 22 January 2018Thumbnail for version as of 11:48, 22 January 2018246 × 587 (122 KB)George Hoprevious version was taken from Waco News-Tribume; this is a copy from Fort Madison Evening Democrat
11:07, 22 January 2018Thumbnail for version as of 11:07, 22 January 2018216 × 749 (109 KB)George HoUser created page with UploadWizard

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