English: This figure depicts incident laser light on a phase object such as a Bose-Einstein condensate, which alters the phase of various points on the portion of the wavefront which passes through the object. The objective lens Fourier transforms this light and a phase plate is used to delay the 0-order light (the portion of the wavefront unaltered by the phase object) by pi/2 radians, such that when imaged the phase modulated light and the unaltered light interfere and the phase delays imparted by the phase object are converted to intensity fluctuations on the image plane.
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