File:Max Gerlach July 1915 - Retouched - Cropped.jpg
Max_Gerlach_July_1915_-_Retouched_-_Cropped.jpg (220 × 280 pixels, file size: 59 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
 | This is a retouched picture, which means that it has been digitally altered from its original version. Modifications: The uploader retouched the image in Adobe Photoshop to remove scratches, dust, and blemishes. Using Auto-Fill, an obtrusive white pole behind the subject's head was removed and the right side of the image was restored. |
Summary
[edit]| Description | This is a July 8, 1915 surveillance photograph of Max Gerlach, a Jazz Age bootlegger, clandestinely taken by anonymous operatives of the New York City Police Department.
Gerlach was an officer in the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I who became a gentleman bootlegger and lived like a millionaire in New York City. Flaunting his wealth as a bootlegger, Gerlach threw lavish parties, never wore the same shirt twice, used the phrase "old sport", claimed to be educated at Oxford University, and fostered myths about himself; including that he was a relation of the German Kaiser. These details about Gerlach inspired writer F. Scott Fitzgerald in his creation of his fictional character Jay Gatsby. In June 2021, the image uploader User:Flask located this rare photograph in the online records of the New York City Municipal Archives. He corresponded with Assistant Commissioner Kenneth Cobb, the Records Officer in charge of the New York City Municipal Archives, and obtained official permission to use the photograph on Wikipedia, including the Max Gerlach and Jay Gatsby articles. As a consequence of this communication, the Municipal Archives have added this photograph to their collection related to F. Scott Fitzgerald and The Great Gatsby. According to the Hirtle chart, unpublished works without a known author enter the public domain 120 years from creation. This photograph will therefore become PD in 2036. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author or copyright owner |
Unknown New York City Police Department Photographer | |||
| Source (WP:NFCC#4) | The New York City Municipal Archives provided this image via-email to the uploader and explicitly authorized its use in any and all Wikipedia articles: On June 25, 2021, the image uploader telephoned Assistant Commissioner Kenneth Cobb, the Records Officer in charge of the New York City Municipal Archives, and obtained authorization to use the image in Wikipedia articles. The New York City Municipal Archives sent a larger, uncropped version of the image to the uploader as an email attachment and included a written form officially authorizing unlimited use in any and all Wikipedia articles. The original uncropped surveillance photograph is available online at: Municipal Archives' Digital Collections — Identifier #pde_0368 | |||
| Date of publication | The photo was taken on July 8, 1915 but was unpublished. | |||
| Use in article (WP:NFCC#7) | Max Gerlach | |||
| Purpose of use in article (WP:NFCC#8) | For visual identification of the person in question, at the top of their biographical article. Note: The New York City Municipal Archives has authorized the use of this image in an unlimited number of Wikipedia articles for any purpose. | |||
| Not replaceable with free media because (WP:NFCC#1) |
Non-replaceable. This is only known photograph of bootlegger Max Gerlach which was confirmed by surveillance operatives of the New York City Police Department. There are lingering doubts about the authenticity of other purported photographs. | |||
| Minimal use (WP:NFCC#3) | It is used to illustrate Wikipedia articles about Max Gerlach and the corresponding section of the Jay Gatsby article. | |||
| Respect for commercial opportunities (WP:NFCC#2) |
The New York City Municipal Archives does not consider the use of this image on Wikipedia to be harmful to their commercial opportunities as its owner. Kenneth Cobb, the Assistant Commissioner in charge of the NYC Municipal Archives Digital Collections, formally provided this historical photograph for authorized use on Wikipedia articles, including the Max Gerlach and Jay Gatsby articles. The image uploader corresponded with Cobb both via e-mail and telephone in order to obtain this photograph. | |||
| Other information | The subject of the photograph has been deceased since: October 18, 1958
| |||
| Fair useFair use of copyrighted material in the context of Max Gerlach//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Max_Gerlach_July_1915_-_Retouched_-_Cropped.jpgtrue | ||||
| Description | This is a July 8, 1915 surveillance photograph of Max Gerlach, the literary model for Jay Gatsby, the titular character of The Great Gatsby.
Gerlach was a friend of American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald while the author resided in New York City. Gerlach was an officer in the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I who became a gentleman bootlegger and lived like a millionaire. Flaunting his wealth as a bootlegger, Gerlach threw lavish parties, never wore the same shirt twice, used the phrase "old sport", claimed to be educated at Oxford University, and fostered myths about himself; including that he was a relation of the German Kaiser. These details about Gerlach inspired Fitzgerald in his creation of Jay Gatsby. In June 2021, the image uploader User:Flask located this rare photograph in the online records of the New York City Municipal Archives. He corresponded with Assistant Commissioner Kenneth Cobb, the Records Officer in charge of the New York City Municipal Archives, and obtained official permission to use the photograph on Wikipedia, including the Max Gerlach and Jay Gatsby articles. As a consequence of this communication, the Municipal Archives have added this photograph to their collection related to F. Scott Fitzgerald and The Great Gatsby. According to the Hirtle chart, unpublished works without a known author enter the public domain 120 years from creation. This photograph will therefore become PD in 2036. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author or copyright owner |
Unknown New York City Police Department Photographer | |||
| Source (WP:NFCC#4) | The New York City Municipal Archives provided this image via-email to the uploader and explicitly authorized its use in any and all Wikipedia articles: On June 25, 2021, the image uploader telephoned Assistant Commissioner Kenneth Cobb, the Records Officer in charge of the New York City Municipal Archives, and obtained authorization to use the image in Wikipedia articles. The New York City Municipal Archives sent a larger, uncropped version of the image to the uploader as an email attachment and included a written form officially authorizing unlimited use in any and all Wikipedia articles. The original uncropped surveillance photograph is available online at: Municipal Archives' Digital Collections — Identifier #pde_0368 | |||
| Date of publication | The photo was taken on July 8, 1915 but was unpublished. | |||
| Use in article (WP:NFCC#7) | Jay Gatsby | |||
| Purpose of use in article (WP:NFCC#8) | To illustrate a section of the article specifically pertaining to how Jay Gatsby was based on Max Gerlach. Gerlach is mentioned in the article's lead section and much of the article discusses him in detail. Since the character of Jay Gatsby was explicitly based on Gerlach and many attributes of the fictional character are shared with Fitzgerald's acknowledged literary model, Gerlarch's picture illustrates much of the article's content. Note: The New York City Municipal Archives has authorized the use of this image in an unlimited number of Wikipedia articles for any purpose. | |||
| Not replaceable with free media because (WP:NFCC#1) |
Non-replaceable. This is only known photograph of bootlegger Max Gerlach which was confirmed by surveillance operatives of the New York City Police Department. There are lingering doubts about the authenticity of other purported photographs. | |||
| Minimal use (WP:NFCC#3) | It is used to illustrate Wikipedia articles about Max Gerlach and the corresponding section of the Jay Gatsby article. | |||
| Respect for commercial opportunities (WP:NFCC#2) |
The New York City Municipal Archives does not consider the use of this image on Wikipedia to be harmful to their commercial opportunities as its owner. Kenneth Cobb, the Assistant Commissioner in charge of the NYC Municipal Archives Digital Collections, formally provided this historical photograph for authorized use on Wikipedia articles, including the Max Gerlach and Jay Gatsby articles. The image uploader corresponded with Cobb both via e-mail and telephone in order to obtain this photograph. Although Cobb authorized the use of the much larger and uncropped version of the image, the image uploader has cropped and greatly reduced the image size in order to meet Fair Use requirements. | |||
| Other information | The subject of the photograph has been deceased since: October 18, 1958
| |||
| Fair useFair use of copyrighted material in the context of Jay Gatsby//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Max_Gerlach_July_1915_-_Retouched_-_Cropped.jpgtrue | ||||
Licensing
[edit] | This photograph is copyrighted and is NOT under a free license. However, it is believed that the use of this work in the article "Max Gerlach":
qualifies as fair use under United States copyright law. Any other uses of this image, on Wikipedia or elsewhere, may be copyright infringement. See Wikipedia:Non-free content and Wikipedia:Copyrights. | ||
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File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
| Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| current | 21:42, 3 January 2022 | | 220 × 280 (59 KB) | Flask (talk | contribs) | Uploading a non-free historic portrait using File Upload Wizard |
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File usage
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