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File:Jewel Carmen in The Bride of Fear.jpg

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Jewel_Carmen_in_The_Bride_of_Fear.jpg (421 × 301 pixels, file size: 24 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

Summary

Description
English: Jewel Carmen in the American drama film The Bride of Fear (1918), publicity photo.
Date
Source eBay
Front and back
Author Unknown authorUnknown author
Permission
(Reusing this file)
English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote the subject or a work relating to the subject.
  • As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.):
    "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
  • Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes:
    "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
  • Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes:
    "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
  • Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[1], that:
    "[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."

Licensing

Public domain
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office) before January 1, 1929.
Public domain works must be out of copyright in both the United States and in the source country of the work in order to be hosted on the Commons. If the work is not a U.S. work, the file must have an additional copyright tag indicating the copyright status in the source country.
Note: This tag should not be used for sound recordings.PD-1923Public domain in the United States//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jewel_Carmen_in_The_Bride_of_Fear.jpg

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Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current02:07, 26 August 2019Thumbnail for version as of 02:07, 26 August 2019421 × 301 (24 KB)Drown SodaCrop
02:05, 26 August 2019Thumbnail for version as of 02:05, 26 August 2019500 × 387 (30 KB)Drown SodaFront
02:05, 26 August 2019Thumbnail for version as of 02:05, 26 August 2019500 × 383 (41 KB)Drown SodaUser created page with UploadWizard

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