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File:Ingrid Bergman, Gaslight 1944.jpg

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Original file (718 × 894 pixels, file size: 164 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

Summary

Description
English: Press release publicity photo of Ingrid Bergman for film Gaslight (1944). Cropped from original upload of File:Ingrid Bergman - Gaslight 44.jpg ([1]). A few minor blemishes have been removed, but otherwise the image is unchanged from the original.
Date
Source eBay
Author MGM photographer
Other versions
Image extraction processThis file has an extracted image: Ingrid Bergman - Gaslight 44 (cropped).jpg.
lang=en
image extraction process
This file has been extracted from another file
: Ingrid Bergman - Gaslight 44.jpg
original file

Licensing

Original photograph
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published in the United States between 1929 and 1977, inclusive, without a copyright notice. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart as well as a detailed definition of "publication" for public art.
Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works (depending on the date of the author's death), such as Canada (50 p.m.a.), Mainland China (50 p.m.a., not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany (70 p.m.a.), Mexico (100 p.m.a.), Switzerland (70 p.m.a.), and other countries with individual treaties.

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Additional source information:

English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote a film actor.
  • As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.):
    "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
  • Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes:
    "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
  • Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes:
    "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
  • Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[2], that:
    "[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."
Retouching
Creative Commons CC-Zero This file is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication.
The person who associated a work with this deed has dedicated the work to the public domain by waiving all of their rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.

Captions

Publicity photo of Swedish actress Ingrid Bergman, 1944

Items portrayed in this file

depicts

Ingrid Bergman

media type

image/jpeg

File history

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Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current16:17, 4 October 2019Thumbnail for version as of 16:17, 4 October 2019718 × 894 (164 KB)LemonreaderColor corrections
17:56, 15 June 2018Thumbnail for version as of 17:56, 15 June 2018718 × 894 (169 KB)Clpo13additional dust spots removed
17:43, 15 June 2018Thumbnail for version as of 17:43, 15 June 2018720 × 894 (167 KB)Clpo13User created page with UploadWizard

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