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File:Geology of the Richmond Basin 1899 Plate XXXV.jpg

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Summary

Description
English: Plate XXXV from The Geology of the Richmond Basin published by USGS, which has the following caption:
Cornwallis Hill, looking up the James River across the area of the tilted shales of the western border (of the Richmond Basin). Upper sandstones in the foreground.
The text of the report refers to the figure as follows:
The Cornwallis Hill fault-block.—It is clear, from an examination of the neighboring exposures, that Cornwallis Hill, between Manakin and Boscabel Ferry, is a fault-block of the pre-Newark crystalline rocks, left standing up in the crushed and broken sediments of the Richmond basin. This block wedges out south of the river, disappearing beneath the surface of the Newark beds. It appears to have been tilted westward, the coal shales having been thrown down on its eastern face (see fig. 102, p. 467, and Pl. XXXV).
In the quarry opened on the bank of the James River faults may be seen dipping steeply east in the block (see Pl. XXXIV).

Later the report states:

Between Goat Hill and Cornwallis Hill (the gneissic fault block before alluded to) the coal shales and Estheria beds come to the surface and occupy the western margin of the area. Their softness, dependent on the larger proportion of shale beds and their broken condition, have made them give way to erosion, so that the river valley has widened out in the vicinity of Manakin station, giving local topographic expression to the region they occupy (see Pl. XXXV).
Date
Source Nathaniel Southgate Shaler and Jay Backus Woodworth, 1899. Geology of the Richmond Basin, Virginia. U.S. Government Printing Office. United States Geological Survey.
Author USGS

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Cornwallis Hill, looking up the James River

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