File:Gardariki Etymology Diagram.png

Size of this preview: 400 × 600 pixels. Other resolutions: 160 × 240 pixels | 320 × 480 pixels | 512 × 768 pixels | 682 × 1,024 pixels | 1,480 × 2,220 pixels.

Original file (1,480 × 2,220 pixels, file size: 140 KB, MIME type: image/png)

This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons. Information from its description page there is shown below.
Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. You can help.

Summary

DescriptionGardariki Etymology Diagram.png	English: Etymology of the Old Norse toponym Garðaríki as well as its possible relation to the Old Russian word городъ according to Cleasby, Richard (1874) An Icelandic-English Dictionary, Oxford University Press Warehouse, p. 192, 499 Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden-Boston: Koninklijke Brill NV, p. 178 ISBN: 978-90-04-15504-6. de Vries, Jan (1977) (in German) Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Leiden: E. J. Brill, p. 156, 446 Durkin, Philip (2014) Borrowed Words: A History of Loanwords in English, Oxford: Oxford University Press ISBN: 9780191667077. Hoad, T. F. , ed. (1988) The Oxford Library of Words and Phrases, III: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins, Guild Publishing, p. 404, 548 Jackson, Tatjana (2003). "The Image of Old Rus in Old Norse Literature". Middelalderforum (1–2): 39. Jackson, Tatjana (2009) Analecta Septentrionalia: Beiträge zur nordgermanischen Kultur- und Literaturgeschichte [Analecta Septentrionalia: Contributions on North Germanic Cultural and Literary History]^[1] (in de, en, fr, is), Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 9783110218701, page 217 Jackson, Tatjana (2015). "Garðaríki and Its Capital: Novgorod on the Mental Map of Medieval Scandinavians". Slovene 4 (1): 172, 173. DOI:10.31168/2305-6754.2015.4.1.9. Jøhndal, Marius L. (2018-09-20). Gorod. Syntacticus. Retrieved on 2023-07-10. Koch, John T. (2019). "Rock art and Celto-Germanic vocabulary. Shared iconography and words as reflections of Bronze Age contact". Adoranten: 90. Scandinavian Society for Prehistoric Art. ISSN 0349-8808. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Lubotsky, Alexander , ed. Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series, 11, Leiden, Boston: Brill, p. 169, 175, 413 ISBN: 9789004183407. Mallory, J. P. , ed. (1997) Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, p. 199, 329 ISBN: 1884964982. Melnikova, Elena Aleksandrovna (2001) (in Russian) Skandinavskie runicheskie nadpisi: novye nakhodki i interpretatsii; teksty, perevod, kommentarii, The Earliest Sources on History of Eastern Europe, Moscow: "Vostochnaya literatura", Russian Academy of Sciences, p. 70 ISBN: 9785020180826. Nosov, Evgueny Nikolaevich (1998) "Pervye skandinavy v Severnoy Rusi" in Hedman, Anders , ed. (in ru, en) Vikingi i slavyane. Uchyonye, politiki, diplomaty o russko-skandinavskikh otnosheniyakh, Saint Petersburg: Dmitry Bulanin, p. 78,79 ISBN: 9785860070950. Orel, Vladimir (2003) A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden, Boston: Brill, p. 126, 305 ISBN: 9789004128750. Pritsak, Omeljan (1981) The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas, Category:Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, p. 366 ISBN: 0-674-64465-4. Rix, Helmut (2001) (in German) LIV, Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben: die Wurzeln und ihre Primärstammbildungen, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, p. 197, 304 ISBN: 9783895002199. Tikhomirov, Mikhail (1959) Skvirsky, D. , ed. The Towns of Ancient Rus, Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, p. 7 OCLC: 405762. Trubachyov, O. N. , ed. (1980) Etimologicheskiy slovar' slavyanskikh yazykov, 7, Moscow: Nauka, p. 37 Wachler, Ferdinand (1851) "GARDHARIKI" in Ersch, Johann Samuel , ed. (in German) Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste in alphabetischer Folge von genannten Schriftstellern, 52, Leipzig: Brockhaus, p. 442 Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 195
Date	9 July 2023
Source	Own work
Author	Alexschneider250

Licensing

I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license:

This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.

You are free:

to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
to remix – to adapt the work

Under the following conditions:

attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
share alike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same or compatible license as the original.

File history

Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.

	Date/Time	Dimensions	User	Comment
current	15:29, 5 October 2023	1,480 × 2,220 (140 KB)	Alexschneider250	Better alignment, smoother edges, nicer font, one more definition added
	19:33, 12 September 2023	1,479 × 2,175 (125 KB)	Alexschneider250	The language name should appear exactly as in the sources
	06:50, 10 September 2023	1,479 × 2,175 (156 KB)	AshFox	fix
	17:16, 22 July 2023	1,479 × 2,175 (125 KB)	Alexschneider250	Better alignment, larger font size, runic version of Gardar
	19:53, 9 July 2023	1,576 × 2,212 (138 KB)	Alexschneider250	Better size and margins
	18:53, 9 July 2023	4,961 × 7,016 (197 KB)	Alexschneider250	Better quality
	18:24, 9 July 2023	1,654 × 2,339 (43 KB)	Alexschneider250	Uploaded own work with UploadWizard