English: FIG. 1. Working principle of focal molography: A submicrometer affinity modulation formed by specific binders is exposed to a biological sample (e.g., blood). The mode of a high-refractive-index waveguide provides dark-field illumination of the molecules near the sensor surface and enhances the light intensity. The shape of the pattern acts as a diffractive lens, which concentrates the diffracted signal into a focal spot, whereas the background intensity is diluted over the entire solid angle. (Figure reproduced from [Ref. 3])
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