A cylindrical chamber 1 m² in area encloses 81.2438 mol of an ideal diatomic gas of molecular mass 29 g mol−1 at 300 K. The surrounding gas is at 1 atm and 300 K, and separated from the cylinder gas by a thin piston. For the limiting case of a massless piston, the cylinder gas is also at 1 atm pressure, with an initial volume of 2 m3. Heat is added slowly until the gas temperature is uniformly 600 K, after which the gas volume is 4 m3 and the piston is 2 m above its initial position. If the piston motion is sufficiently slow, the gas pressure at each instant will have practically the same value (psys = 1 atm) throughout.
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