Title: Eastern forest insects
Identifier: easternforestins1175bake (find matches)
Year: 1972 (1970s)
Authors: Baker, Whiteford L. (Whiteford Lee), 1903-
Subjects: Forest insects
Publisher: Washington : U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service ; for sale by the Supt. of Docs. , U. S. G. P. O
Contributing Library: U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library
Digitizing Sponsor: U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library

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punctures made near the midrib. The larvae mine the tissues between the leaf surfaces. The mine is hairlike at first but gradu- ally widens as the larva continues to grow. Eventually it becomes blotchlike (fig. 171). Heavily infested leaves become unsightly and usually drop prematurely. Leaves damaged by feeding punc- tures become roughened, twisted, and stunted. The winter is spent in the larval stage in the mine. Pupation occurs from early March to early April and the adults emerge from mid-May to late June. There is one generation per year.
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COURTESY CONN. AGR. EXPT. STA. Figure 171.—Injury by the holly leaf miner, Phytomyza ilicicola: Left, undamaged leaves; right, mined leaves. Several other members of the family also mine the leaves or produce galls on their hosts. Japanagromyza viridida (Coq.) — produces blotch mines in the leaves of red oak; Melanagromyza schineri (Gir.)—causes the formation of slight swellings on the smaller twigs of poplar; M. tiliae (Couden)—produces swellings about half an inch long on the twigs of basswood; Phytobia posti- cata (Meigen)—produces blotch mines in the leaves of sweetgum; and Phytomyza clara (Melander)—produces blotch mines on Ca- talpa bungii. FAMILY ANTHOMYIIDAE Members of this family are quite similar in appearance to those of the family Muscidae. The maggots vary in habits, some feeding on the roots of plants, some as scavengers, and others as parasites of other insects. The seed corn maggot, Hylema platura (Meigen), damaged red cedar seedlings in a forest nursery in Tennessee (766). In this case, the larvae chewed through the bark of the main stem just below the ground line and fed on the roots. Large numbers of seedlings were killed. 427

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