File:Civic Tower at Pavia cathedral before collapse.jpg

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Civic_Tower_at_Pavia_cathedral_before_collapse.jpg (310 × 240 pixels, file size: 40 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

Summary

Media data and Non-free use rationale
Description	Civic Tower at Pavia cathedral before its collapse in 1989
Author or copyright owner	Anna Anzani, Elsa Garavaglia, Luigia Binda
Source (WP:NFCC#4)	Original publication: Long-term damage of historic masonry: A probabilistic model Immediate source: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.02.010
Use in article (WP:NFCC#7)	Civic Tower (Pavia)
Purpose of use in article (WP:NFCC#8)	The photograph shows the tower and its context before its collapse.
Not replaceable with free media because (WP:NFCC#1)	The tower has a complex structure and texture. No new photographs can be taken as it has collapsed.
Minimal use (WP:NFCC#3)	The image is 74.4 kpx in size and will appear only in that article.
Respect for commercial opportunities (WP:NFCC#2)	The photograph is from an engineering paper about historic masonry.
Fair useFair use of copyrighted material in the context of Civic Tower (Pavia)//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Civic_Tower_at_Pavia_cathedral_before_collapse.jpgtrue

Licensing

This image is a faithful digitisation of a unique historic image, and the copyright for it is most likely held by the person who created the image or the agency employing the person. It is believed that the use of this image may qualify as non-free use under the Copyright law of the United States. Any other uses of this image, on Wikipedia or elsewhere, may be copyright infringement. See Wikipedia:Non-free content for more information.

Please remember that the non-free content criteria require that non-free images on Wikipedia must not "[be] used in a manner that is likely to replace the original market role of the original copyrighted media." Use of historic images from press agencies must only be of a transformative nature, when the image itself is the subject of commentary rather than the event it depicts (which is the original market role, and is not allowed per policy). Fair use

To the uploader:

Please add a detailed non-free use rationale for each article the image is used in, which must also declare compliance with the other parts of the non-free content criteria, as well as the source of the work and copyright information.
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File history

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	Date/Time	Thumbnail	Dimensions	User	Comment
current	13:31, 10 September 2018		310 × 240 (40 KB)	Cmglee (talk \| contribs)	Uploading a non-free file using File Upload Wizard

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File usage

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Civic Tower (Pavia)

Metadata

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JPEG file comment	Handmade Software, Inc. Image Alchemy v1.13