File:Chertified fossiliferous limestone (Ft. Payne Limestone, Lower Mississippian; Lake Cumberland, Kentucky, USA) 2 (30748692874).jpg
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DescriptionChertified fossiliferous limestone (Ft. Payne Limestone, Lower Mississippian; Lake Cumberland, Kentucky, USA) 2 (30748692874).jpg |
Chertified fossiliferous limestone from the Mississippian of Kentucky, USA. (cross-section view) The Ft. Payne Formation of southern Kentucky is richly fossiliferous and is dominated by crinoids. Crinoids ("sea lilies") are sessile, benthic, filter-feeding, marine invertebrates that were abundant in Paleozoic oceans. The group nearly went extinct at the Permian-Triassic mass extinction 251 million years ago. Crinoids are not common in modern oceans - they are usually deep-water forms now, but some shallow-water forms also exist today. A crinoid is essentially a starfish on a stick. The stick, or stem, lifts the organism to a moderately high tier above the seafloor, which is conducive to non-competitive filter feeding. The flower-like "head" of the crinoid consists of numerous cemented calcite plates that surround the digestive system and other soft parts. The arms are feather-like and are the structures that engage in filter-feeding. In the fossil record, crinoid stems are common, whereas crinoid heads are uncommon to rare, because they disaggregate quickly after death. Individual pieces of a crinoid stem are called columnals - they are usually somewhat shaped like poker chips. Each columnal is composed of a single crystal of calcite (CaCO3 - calcium carbonate). The fossiliferous limestone shown above is dominated by crinoid stem columnals. Such crinoid-rich limestones are called "encrinites". The slightly bluish-gray material is chert - the original limestone has been mostly chertified. Classification: Animalia, Echinodermata, Crinoidea Stratigraphy: packstone buildup in the Ft. Payne Formation, Osagean Stage, upper Lower Mississippian Locality: Cave Springs South Outcrop - lakeside outcrop, north-central Lake Cumberland, just south of the intersection of the Wolf Creek/Caney Creek arm of Lake Cumberland with Lake Cumberland proper, Russell County, southern Kentucky, USA (vicinity of 36° 56' 26.59" North latitude, 85° 00' 25.44" West longitude) See info. at: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encrinite" rel="nofollow">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encrinite</a> |
Date | |
Source | Chertified fossiliferous limestone (Ft. Payne Limestone, Lower Mississippian; Lake Cumberland, Kentucky, USA) 2 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/30748692874 (archive). It was reviewed on 12 October 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
12 October 2019
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10 December 2016
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image/jpeg
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3,746,139 byte
1,736 pixel
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 04:02, 12 October 2019 | 3,223 × 1,736 (3.57 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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File change date and time | 23:35, 11 December 2016 |
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Date and time of digitizing | 19:13, 10 December 2016 |
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Date metadata was last modified | 18:35, 11 December 2016 |
Unique ID of original document | E3AD0FDEE765A5000AFD902A082B24EC |
IIM version | 12,819 |