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English: ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) has captured an unprecedented series of images showing the passage of the exoplanet Beta Pictoris b around its parent star. This young massive exoplanet was initially discovered in 2008 using the NACO instrument at the VLT.  The same science  team since tracked the exoplanet from late 2014 until late 2016, using the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch instrument (SPHERE) — another instrument on the VLT. Beta Pictoris b then passed so close to the halo of the star that no instrument could resolve them from one another. Almost two years later, after seeming to merge into the image of the star, Beta Pictoris b has now emerged from the halo. This reappearance was captured again by SPHERE. The complete series of images, with the bright glow of the star Beta Pictoris blocked out, have been compiled to create a stunning and unique time-lapse of the long-period orbit of Beta Pictoris b. SPHERE caught sight of Beta Pictoris b by looking at it directly — not by inferring its existence. Most known exoplanets have been discovered using indirect methods — observing how they affect a star's position or brightness. ESO's SPHERE specialises in a method called direct imaging, hunting for exoplanets by taking their photographs. This extraordinarily challenging endeavour provides us with clear images of distant worlds such as Beta Pictoris b, 63 light-years away. Beta Pictoris b orbits its star at a distance similar to that between the Sun and Saturn, approximately 1.3 billion kilometres, meaning it’s the most closely orbiting exoplanet ever to have been directly imaged. The surface of this young planet is still hot, around 1 500 °C, and the light it emits enabled SPHERE to discover it and track its orbit, seeing it emerge from its passage in front of its parent star. Whilst a glance at these images might suggest that the planet transits the star, eclipsing a little of its light, Beta Pictoris b does not in fact quite transit. These images are a remarkable achievement, heralding a new era in one of the most exciting and challenging areas of astronomy — discovering and characterising exoplanets.
Deutsch: Das Very Large Telescope (VLT) der ESO hat eine noch nie dagewesene Bildserie der Bewegung des Exoplaneten Beta Pictoris b um seinen Mutterstern aufgenommen. Dieser junge und massereiche Exoplanet wurde im Jahr 2008 mit Hilfe des NACO-Instruments am VLT entdeckt. Dasselbe Forscherteam hat nun die Bahn des Exoplaneten von Ende 2014 bis Ende 2016 verfolgt und dabei das Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch instrument (SPHERE) benutzt — ein anderes Instrument am VLT.

Danach stand Beta Pictoris b so nahe am Lichthof des Sterns, dass kein Instrument ihn mehr von seinem Mutterstern trennen konnte. Zwei Jahre nachdem er mit dem Abbild seines Muttersterns verschmolzen war, ist Beta Pictoris b nun wieder aus dem Halo seines Stern ausgetreten. Dieses Ereignis wurde wieder von SPHERE festgehalten. Die komplette Bildserie, bei der der Stern Beta Pictoris selbst ausgeblendet wurde, hat man nun zu einem verblüffenden Zeitrafferfilm zusammengestellt.

SPHERE hat Beta Pictoris b durch direkte Beobachtung nachgewiesen – nicht durch einen indirekten Schluss auf seine Existenz. Die meisten Exoplaneten wurden mittels indirekter Methoden entdeckt – durch Beobachtung ihres Einflusses auf die Position oder Helligkeit ihres Muttersterns. Das SPHERE-Instrument der ESO verwendet hingegen die Methode der direkten Beobachtung und liefert dabei Abbilder der Exoplaneten. Dieses äußert schwierige Unterfangen liefert uns klare Signale der fremden Welten wie zum Beispiel von Beta Pictoris b, der 63 Lichtjahre von uns entfernt ist.
Date
Source https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1846a/?lang
Author ESO/Lagrange/SPHERE consortium

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