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File:Al Jolson in Mammy.jpg

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Al_Jolson_in_Mammy.jpg (421 × 536 pixels, file size: 124 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

Summary

Description
English: Al Jolson in Mammy (1930) publicity still.
Date
Source Heritage Auctions
Author Unknown authorUnknown author
Permission
(Reusing this file)
English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote the subject or a work relating to the subject.
  • As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.):
    "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
  • Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes:
    "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
  • Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes:
    "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
  • Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[1], that:
    "[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."

Licensing

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published in the United States between 1929 and 1977, inclusive, without a copyright notice. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart as well as a detailed definition of "publication" for public art.
Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works (depending on the date of the author's death), such as Canada (50 p.m.a.), Mainland China (50 p.m.a., not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany (70 p.m.a.), Mexico (100 p.m.a.), Switzerland (70 p.m.a.), and other countries with individual treaties.

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image/jpeg

checksum

02e732960df0d5fda8c86934e8299d40e358cfb7

determination method or standard: SHA-1

data size

127,372 byte

height

536 pixel

width

421 pixel

File history

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Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current14:34, 28 December 2021Thumbnail for version as of 14:34, 28 December 2021421 × 536 (124 KB)BleffCropped
14:27, 28 December 2021Thumbnail for version as of 14:27, 28 December 2021478 × 600 (49 KB)Bleff== {{int:filedesc}} == {{Information |description={{en|1=Al Jolson in ''Mammy'' (1930) publicity still.}} |date=1930 |source=[https://movieposters.ha.com/itm/movie-posters/mammy-warner-brothers-1930-al-jolson-publicity-still-8-x-10-/a/693-65286.s Heritage Auctions] |author={{unknown|author}} |permission={{Publicity still}} |other versions= }} =={{int:license-header}}== {{PD-US-no-notice}} Category:Films of the United States, 1930 Category:Al Jolson Category:Blackface [[Category:...

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