Identifier: shorthistoryofen00lars (find matches)
Title: A short history of England and the British Empire
Year: 1915 (1910s)
Authors: Larson, Laurence Marcellus, 1868-1938
Subjects:
Publisher: New York : Henry Holt and Company
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: Sloan Foundation

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cessful. On the papal throne sat Paul IV, anreformation. aged Italian whose heart was aflame with enthu-siasm for a purified hierarchy. But what was more significant,the Catholic forces of Europe had found a leader in Philip IIof Spain, whose principles would permit neither toleration norcompromise. The wealth and power of Spain were at hisdisposal; his hand lay heavy on Dutch Protestantism; hisEnglish queen was uprooting heresy in Britain. For the causeof English Protestantism there could be but slight hopes. The reaction failed; and its failure in England did much tocheck the movement on the Continent. Nothing that theFailure of the unfortunate queen undertook seemed to prosper,reaction in England recoiled from her policies. Her subjectshad supported her against the intrigues of North-umberland ; but they revolted at the sight of the executionsand they learned to speak of her as Bloody Mary. Menhad suffered cruel and unjust death in the reign of Henry THE FAILURE OF THE REACTION 269
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Martyrs Memorial, OxfordRaised to commemorate the death of Cranmer and his fellow-martyrs; theactual site of the burning is a little distance away. 270 PROTESTANT ADVANCE AND CATHOLIC REACTION VIII; better men than Fisher and More have never gone tothe scaffold. But these executions did not affect the currentof events as did the burning of unknown women and humblecommoners in the days of Mary. 242. Marys Foreign Policy: the Loss of Calais. In foreignpolicy, too, the queen failed. The marriage to Philip broughther the support of Spain but also the renewed hostility ofThe war with France. In the war that inevitably followed,France. England lost Calais, her last possession on Frenchsoil. England was better off without Calais, but the losswounded the national pride. Far worse was the difficulty thatarose between Philip and the aged pope, Paul IV, who was anative of Naples and bitterly resented the Spanish activitiesTrouble with in southern Italy. Thus Mary found herself atpapacy. war even

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