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File:7th-century Akkanna Madanna Lower Cave, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh - 5.jpg

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Summary

Description
English: Vijayawada is an ancient city on the left bank of the Krishna river, with evidence of a human settlement predating 2nd-century BCE.
  • The Akkanna Madanna caves are rock-cut Hindu temples found close to the river, at the foothills of a historic Durga temple and pilgrimmage center.
  • These were the largest and earliest surviving cave monuments within Vijayawada city premises (the Vaishnava Undavalli caves are outside the city, though nearby).
  • Most scholars date them to the mid-7th-century. The ASI along with a few scholars place them between 6th and 7th-century CE.
  • There are two caves – upper and lower. The upper cave is larger. Both are dedicated to Shaivism (Shiva), though the included artwork show a few Shaktism and Vaishnavism themes. The largest reliefs are Shaiva. These include Ganesha and Shaiva dvarapalas.
  • Though they are old, they are renamed after Akkanna and Madanna, two brothers who were appointed ministers during the third quarter of the 17th-century, by the Shia Islamic Qutb Shah dynasty. The brothers were responsible for jizya tax collection from the Hindu citizens. Before the fall of the dynasty, the two brothers were beheaded under the orders of Sultan Abul Hasan Tana Shah. Two years later, Tana Shah lost his Sultanate, when the Shia dynasty was dismissed by the Sunni Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. These caves continue to be remembered after the Akkanna and Madanna brothers.
  • These caves were damaged and deliberately mutilated at some point in their history. Sections of the artwork, ruins of pillars from the damaged mandapa, brackets are seen in the complex. Some of these are of the same stone as the caves, while others are ruins from another destroyed historic temple nearby that were made from another type of stone.
Date
Source Own work
Author Ms Sarah Welch
Camera location16° 30′ 49.26″ N, 80° 36′ 24.55″ E  Heading=228.96324143693° Kartographer map based on OpenStreetMap.View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMapinfo

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Captions

Lower cave temple from the Eastern Chalukya era

Items portrayed in this file

depicts

coordinates of the point of view

16°30'49.259"N, 80°36'24.548"E

heading: 228.96324143692564 degree

inception

28 August 2019

media type

image/jpeg

checksum

af8c4cb89f90d30d529bf7010f5b56abbb9b8c27

determination method or standard: SHA-1

data size

3,801,831 byte

height

2,614 pixel

width

3,486 pixel

exposure time

0.0082644628099174 second

focal length

4.25 millimetre

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Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current23:09, 4 September 2021Thumbnail for version as of 23:09, 4 September 20213,486 × 2,614 (3.63 MB)Ms Sarah WelchUploaded own work with UploadWizard

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